The Birth of Law Rules and laws and the conventions or customs from which they are descended have been a part of human life ever since our ancestors first began to live in large and settled groups. But our knowledge is vague of laws that were in effect before the invention of writing in about 3500 B.C. The earliest known legal text was written by Ur-Nammu, a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in about 2100 B.C. It dealt largely with compensation for bodily injuries, and with the penalties for witchcraft and runaway slaves. TASK 1. Find in the text the words that mean the following: • the use of magic power, especially with the aid of evil spirits a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule ⚫ an accepted social custom or practice not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed payment for damage or loss, restitution ⚫one from whom a person is descended ⚫harm or damage done or suffered TASK 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is it difficult to judge about the earliest laws? 2. Where and why did the first laws appear? 3. What issues did the early laws emphasise? Why?

Question 1

Задача Задача №1100446

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Аноним

16 мая 2024 10:30 · публичный вопрос

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Аноним 16 мая 2024 10:30

The Birth of Law Rules and laws and the conventions or customs from which they are descended have been a part of human life ever since our ancestors first began to live in large and settled groups. But our knowledge is vague of laws that were in effect before the invention of writing in about 3500 B.C. The earliest known legal text was written by Ur-Nammu, a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in about 2100 B.C. It dealt largely with compensation for bodily injuries, and with the penalties for witchcraft and runaway slaves. TASK 1. Find in the text the words that mean the following: • the use of magic power, especially with the aid of evil spirits a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule ⚫ an accepted social custom or practice not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed payment for damage or loss, restitution ⚫one from whom a person is descended ⚫harm or damage done or suffered TASK 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is it difficult to judge about the earliest laws? 2. Where and why did the first laws appear? 3. What issues did the early laws emphasise? Why?

Answer

The words from the text that correspond to the given meanings are:

the use of magic power, especially with the aid of evil spirits: witchcraft
a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule: penalties
an accepted social custom or practice: conventions
not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed: vague
payment for damage or loss, restitution: compensation
one from whom a person is descended: ancestor
harm or damage done or suffered: bodily injuries

Now, let's move on to answering the questions in Russian:

Почему сложно судить о самых ранних законах? Ответ: Сложно судить о самых ранних законах, потому что наше знание законов, действовавших до изобретения письменности около 3500 г. до н. э., ограничено и смутно.
Где и почему появились первые законы? Ответ: Первые известные законы появились в Месопотамии в городе Ур благодаря царю Ур-Намму, примерно в 2100 г. до н. э. Эти законы затрагивали в основном компенсацию за телесные повреждения, а также наказания за колдовство и побег рабов.
На какие проблемы делали упор ранние законы? Почему? Ответ: Ранние законы делали упор на компенсацию за телесные повреждения, а также на наказание за колдовство и побег рабов. Эти проблемы считались важными и требовали правового регулирования в тех временах.

Question 2

The Birth of Law Rules and laws and the conventions or customs from which they are descended have been a part of human life ever since our ancestors first began to live in large and settled groups. But our knowledge is vague of laws that were in effect before the invention of writing in about 3500 B.C. The earliest known legal text was written by Ur-Nammu, a king of the Mesopotamian city of Ur, in about 2100 B.C. It dealt largely with compensation for bodily injuries, and with the penalties for witchcraft and runaway slaves. TASK 1. Find in the text the words that mean the following: • the use of magic power, especially with the aid of evil spirits a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule ⚫ an accepted social custom or practice not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed payment for damage or loss, restitution ⚫one from whom a person is descended ⚫harm or damage done or suffered TASK 2. Answer the following questions: 1. Why is it difficult to judge about the earliest laws? 2. Where and why did the first laws appear? 3. What issues did the early laws emphasise? Why?

Answer

The words from the text that correspond to the given meanings are: - the use of magic power, especially with the aid of evil spirits: witchcraft - a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule: penalties - an accepted social custom or practice: conventions - not clearly or explicitly stated or expressed: vague - payment for damage or loss, restitution: compensation - one from whom a person is descended: ancestor - harm or damage done or suffered: bodily injuries Now, let's move on to answering the questions in Russian: 1. Почему сложно судить о самых ранних законах? Ответ: Сложно судить о самых ранних законах, потому что наше знание законов, действовавших до изобретения письменности около 3500 г. до н. э., ограничено и смутно. 2. Где и почему появились первые законы? Ответ: Первые известные законы появились в Месопотамии в городе Ур благодаря царю Ур-Намму, примерно в 2100 г. до н. э. Эти законы затрагивали в основном компенсацию за телесные повреждения, а также наказания за колдовство и побег рабов. 3. На какие проблемы делали упор ранние законы? Почему? Ответ: Ранние законы делали упор на компенсацию за телесные повреждения, а также на наказание за колдовство и побег рабов. Эти проблемы считались важными и требовали правового регулирования в тех временах.