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Cell
The cell is a smallest independent unit in the body containing all the essential properties of life. Many types of human cells can be grown in test tubes after beeing taken from the body. Cells which are functionally organized are often grouped together and operate in concert as a tissue, such as muscle tissue or nervous tissue. Various tissues may be arranged together to form a unit called organ as the kidney, liver, heart or lungs. Organs often function in groups called organ systems. Thus the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and intestines constitute the digestive system.
Cells are characterized by high degree of complexity and order in both structure and function. The cell contains a number of structures called cell organelles. These are responsible for carrying out the specialized biochemical reactions characterizing each. The many chemical reactions taking place in a cell require the establishment of varied chemical microenvironment.
Carefully controlled transport mechanisms along with highly effective barriers - the cell membranes ensure that chemicals are present in the proper region of the call in appropriate concentration.
The cell membranes of a mixture of protein and lipid form its surroundings. Membranes are an essential component of almost all cells organelles.
The membrane allows only certain molecules to pass through it. The most visible and essential organelle in a cell is the nucleus, containing genetic material and regulating the activities of the entire cell.
The area outside of the molecules is called the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm contains a variety of organelles that have different functions.
New words
cell - клетка
independent независимый
unit единица
body - тело
all- все
life жизнь
human человеческий
together вместе
tissue ткань
organ systems системы органов
to function функционировать
to contain cодержать
membranes мембраны
protein - протеин
nucleus - ядро
cytoplasm цитоплазм
different различный
1. What is the cell consists of?
2. What is a membrane?
3. Is cell the smallest independent unit of the body?
4. What can be grown in test
tubes?
5. What can various tissues form, when they are together?
6. What are the organ system consist of?
7. What are cell characterized by?
8. What are cell organelles?
9. What are membranes?