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This text deals with …
1. Taking English abroad.
2. The rise of America.
3. The French influence.
4. The expansion of learning.
5. Orthographic difference.
6. The global language.
A. A billion people speak English, two-thirds of the world’s scientists write in English, and 85 per cent of the world’s electronic information is stored in English. One result is that the British are terribly lazy about learning other languages. The reasons for the popularity of English are either lost in history, or something to do with the superpower on the other side of the Atlantic.
B. English has many similarities with Romance languages, whose origin is Latin. The words like government, parliament, court, legal, army, crown, state, country, power, and people came to England with the French-speaking Normans. Notice that the word:, are associated with power: Norman-French was used as the language of government. Words of Latin origin are usually longer than words of Germanic origin.
C. The period from the Renaissance to the present day has seen many new ideas and inventions, especially in science and technology. As new things are invented, new words have to be created. Often these new words are created from existing Greek or Latin words put together in new ways. There are now thousands of such words in English. Just think of telephone, television, microscope, and thermometer.
D. Today, there are some differences in vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation between American and British English. Sometimes, the difference in spelling is because Americans wanted to make things simpler, so that a word would be spelled the way it is pronounced. Noah Webster, founder of one of the most famous American English dictionaries, decided to eliminate from a won I any letters that were not pronounced (honor — honour, theater — theatre).
E. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, British navigators sailed across the seas with the aim of extending Britain’s power and prosperity. They colonized new territories around the world, taking their language with them. In many cast the process of bringing ‘civilisation’ to the existing peoples of these lands was accompanied by cruelty and injustice.
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A B C D E
5
Тип Д5 №
92
i
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Christmas
Christmas is a joyful religious holiday when Christians A____ the birth of Jesus Christ. To people all over the world, Christmas is a season of giving and receiving presents. In Scandinavian and other European countries, Father Christmas, or Saint Nicholas, B____ into houses in the night and leaves gifts for the children. Saint Nicholas is represented as a kindly man with a red cloak and long white beard. He visited houses and left gifts, bringing people happiness in C____ months of the year. Another character, the God Odin, rode on a magical flying horse across the sky in the winter to reward people with gifts. D____ different legends passed across the ages to make the present-day Santa Claus.
Although Santa Claus has origins in Norse and pre-Christian mythology, he took shape in the United States. Americans gave Santa Claus a white beard, dressed E____ in a red suit and made him a cheery old gentleman with red cheeks and a twinkle in his eye. American children believe that Santa Claus lives at the North Pole with his wife. All year he lists the names of children, both those who have been good and those who have been bad. He decides what presents to give to the good children. Santa Claus supposedly gets his list of toys from the millions of children who write to him at the North Pole.
A 1) celebrates 2) celebrate 3) celebrated 4) will celebrate
B 1) comes 2) come 3) came 4) will come
C 1) cold 2) colder 3) the most cold 4) the coldest
D 1) That 2) This 3) These 4) Those
E 1) he 2) his 3) himself 4) him
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A B C D E
6
Тип Д6 №
61
i
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Castles
There (A)____ hundreds of castles in the British Isles. Some of them are ruins, but (B)____ are in very good condition. Some castles are homes for (C)____ people like the Queen of (D)____ ! Many of them are very, very old, and have got a (E)____ history. Castles are big, strong buildings. People built castles in the past to protect everyone inside the castle from attack. Many castles have legends.
1) buildings; 2) famous; 3) England; 4) fascinating; 5) are; 6) people; 7) others.
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A B C D E
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