Read the text and choose the right answer to the question. BORDERS ON THE LAND, IN THE OCEAN, AND IN THE AIR. Long ago, there were no national borders. People moved freely from…

Read the text and choose the right answer to the question. BORDERS ON THE LAND, IN THE OCEAN, AND IN THE AIR. Long ago, there were no national borders. People moved freely from place to place. Today, countries have national borders. National borders are where one country ends and another country begins. There are two kinds of national borders. The first kind is a physical border. Physical borders between countries are physical features like rivers or mountains. You can see them. The Rio Grande is a physical border between Mexico and the United States. The Pyrenees Mountains are a physical border between Spain and France. The second kind of border is a political border. When there is no physical border between countries, governments must decide on one. Political borders are also lines between countries like physical borders, but governments decide where these borders will be. The political borders of many North African countries are a good example of this. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, European countries had power over many parts of Africa. They decided on the borders. Many of these borders were just straight lines on a map. They were not physical features like rivers or mountains. Governments want to control their borders. They want to decide who is coming into their country. Government officials at the borders check, that is, take a careful look at, everyone who enters. Only people who have permission to enter the country may come in. The government also wants to know what is entering the country, so officials also check everything that crosses the border. Most governments make money on some of the things that people bring into their countries. In most countries, there is a tax on things that enter the country. A tax is money that you must pay to the government. For example, when Singaporeans bring a new car from Japan or Europe into their country, they have to pay money to the Singapore government. Governments also want to control the ocean near their borders. They want to be sure their country is safe, so they do not want dangerous people to come near their country. There is an international law about this. It says that a country owns the ocean within 13.8 miles (22.2 kilometres) of that country's shore - the country's border with the ocean. However, there is another important reason why countries want to control the ocean near their shores. The ocean and the land under the ocean have many natural resources, such as fish and oil. Countries want to use these resources, and they do not want other countries to use them. There is an international law that says that a country may use the natural resources within 124.3 miles (200 kilometres) of its shore. Other countries may not use them. However, no country controls the ocean or its resources more than 124.3 miles from its shore. What about the air near a country's border? Can a country control that, too? The international law about the air around the country is the same as the law about the ocean. Every country controls the airspace within 13.8 miles of its borders. A plane must request permission to fly in that space. International laws like this are another way to control national borders. 1. Which sentence gives the main idea of the text? a). Long ago there were no physical or political borders. b). There are different laws about borders on the land, in the ocean, and in the air. c). Borders help governments control who and what comes into a country. 2. Decide if the statement is true or false. «A river can be a physical border». a). True b). False 3. How did many of the borders in North Africa begin? a). The borders followed the rivers, which are very straight. b). The borders were physical features. c ). The Europeans who controlled North Africa decided on the borders. d). North African countries decided on their borders when they became independent. 4. What are fish and oil examples of? a). Products that you must pay tax on b). Products that cross borders c). Physical features d). Natural resources 5. Match the beginning of a sentence in Column A with its correct ending in Column B. Column A Column B 1). No country controls the water that is a) within 13.8 miles of the shore. 2). Each country owns the ocean b)... within 124.3 miles of the shore. 3). Every country controls the airspace that is c) more than 124.3 miles from the shore. 4). Every country controls natural resources that are... 6. Choose all correct answers to the question: According to the whole reading, why do d) ... within 13.8 miles of the border. governments want to control their borders? В данном задании несколько верных утверждений. Выберите все, которые вы считаете верными, но обратите внимание, что за выбор неверного утверждения балл снижается. a). They want to know who is entering the country. b). They want to know who is leaving the country. c). They want to know what is entering the country. d). They want to collect taxes. e). They don't want other countries to use their natural resources.