1. What are the research methods subject of “Agricultural economics”? A. Induction-deduction, mechanic, experiment B. Analysis-synthesis, monograph, induction-deduction, balance…

1. What are the research methods subject of “Agricultural economics”? A. Induction-deduction, mechanic, experiment B. Analysis-synthesis, monograph, induction-deduction, balance C. Abstract-logic, analysis-synthesis, economic-statistical,mechanic D. Economic-mathematical, balance, constructive E. Scientific abstract method, induction-deduction, analysis-synthesis 2. Determine the fit. 1. Comparative analysis 2. Experimental method 3. Economic-statistical method a) This method allows to detect the impact of various factors on the studied event, its development regularities, and to check the correctness of the hypothesis. b) İs a set of methods used for the comprehensive characterization of social phenomena through the processing of mass digital data c) Consists of comparing specific and general economic indicators to reveal the best results. A. 1-c,2-a,3-b B. 1-a,2-b,3-c C. 1-b,2-c,3-a D. 1-b,2-a,3-c E. 1-a,2-c,3-b 3. What is the essence of the method of induction? A. The decision is made from the individual to the general, from the fact to the theory. B. Generalization of development patterns identified by studying the individual components of events C. The common denominator of events is their understanding through the study of their characteristics D. Division of events into constituent elements, their characteristics, separate study of development patterns E. Study one of the typical examples that is sufficiently specific for the events 4. What is the main essence of the deduction method? A. Considerations go from specific to general, from facts to theory. B. It is the opposite of what is shown. The direction of research is from general to specific. C. This method allows to detect the impact of various factors on the studied phenomenon, its development regularities, and to check the correctness of the hypothesis. D. It is a set of methods used for the comprehensive characterization of social events through the processing of mass digital data. E. It allows to work out a scientifically based solution of this or that problem for the future. 5. When a government-owned business, operation, or property becomes owned by a private, non-government party it is called: A. It is called municipalization B. It is called nationalization C. It is called denationalization D. It is called privatization E. It is called collectivization 6. What is meant by the field structure of AİC? A. Classification of the ratio between separate areas that represent the complex organizationally B. Percentage expression of an enterprise that represents the complex organizationally C. Percentage expression of the ratio between separate agricultural areas representing the complex organizationally D. Percentage expression of the ratio between separate economic forms that represent the complex organizationally E. Percentage expression of the ratio between agricultural and processing areas that represent the complex organizationally 7. What is horizontal integration in AİC? A. It is an economic-organizational combination of production units and enterprises engaged in the production of the same or similar products within a certain area of AİC B. It is a production-economic and organizational combination of various production and service areas of AİC C. It is an economic-organizational combination of production units and enterprises engaged in the production of the same or similar products in different areas of AİC D. It is an economic-organizational combination of the enterprises of the infrastructure fields providing production services in different areas of AİC E. It is a combination of enterprises and production units of AİC for the production and processing of various products 8. What is vertical integration in AİC? A. It is the production-economic and organizational unity of various production and service areas that are interconnected. B. It is an economic-organizational combination of production units and enterprises engaged in the production of the same or similar products within a certain area of AIC C. It is an economic-organizational combination of production units (departments) and enterprises that perform any specific stage in the process of product production. D. To increase the size of excessively small farms to the optimal level, it is their enlargement within agriculture. E. In this integration process, most or main functions of the same enterprises and organizations operating in relation to production and exchange are combined and summarized. 9. What is meant by the functional structure of AİC? A. Classification of the relationship between the functions performed on economic parameters B. Classification of the distribution of products produced by functional areas C. Functional classification among organizational structures on management parameters D. Classification of the relationship between functions performed according to production-technological parameters E. Classification of the relationship between the functions performed on production-processing parameters 10. What are the guarantees for the development and improvement of production economic relations in AİC? A. Material-technical, raw material, economic, legal-administrative B. Administrative, economic, technological, marketing, organizational C. Public, economic, social, technological, organizational D. Administrative, sociological, economic, organizational, political E. Technological, organizational, economic, social, legal 11. What are the reasons why the real growth of newly created value in the agro-industrial sector of our country is at a low level compared to other sectors? A. All of them B. Inadequate structure of agricultural production as a whole and by regions; C. The size of farms operating in the agrarian field is unacceptable in terms of extensive reproduction; D. Lack of financial resources of agricultural producers; E. Low level of labor productivity. 12. Which of the given options are included in the main principles of the implementation of agrarian reforms? A. All of them B. Reconciliation of agrarian reforms with the economic policy of the state; C. Ensuring social justice and voluntariness during the implementation of the reform; D. Taking into account the agricultural characteristics of the Republic; E. Rural social development and social protection of the population. 13. What are the main advantages of agroparks for the development of agriculture? 1. Legally formalized and accessible land, ready infrastructure for farmers and family agricultural producers; 2. Tax and other financial benefits not intended for special economic zones; 3. Information consultations, familiarization with the latest marketing studies and consultations on the agricultural market situation; 4. Application of new technologies and technological enrichment of production. 5. Implementation of old technologies and production of agricultural products only in accordance with the conditions of the domestic market 6. Tax concessions and other financial concessions intended for special economic zones; A. 1,2,4,6 B. 2,3,5,6 C. 1,3,4,6 D. 1,3,5,6 E. 1,2,5,6 14. What is intermediate consumption in the field of agriculture? A. It reflects the value of all products (except fixed assets) and agricultural services used during the year for production and provision of services. B. It is to achieve the dynamic development of public consumption by efficient use of natural resources C. It is an indicator that expresses the value created in the production process. D. Development of the economic mechanism and application of market tools in the effective use of nature E. State regulation, formation of forecasting system and control of nature protection measures 15. What is the total added value of the agricultural sector? A. It is an indicator that expresses the value created in the production process. This indicator is determined by subtracting the value of intermediate consumption from the total product produced. B. Reflects the value of all products (except fixed assets) and agricultural services used during the year for product production and service provision. C. It is to achieve the dynamic development of public consumption by efficient use of natural resources D. Development of the economic mechanism and application of market tools in the effective use of nature E. Formation of state regulation, forecasting system and control of nature protection measures 16. How many spheres are included in the agro-industrial complex? A. 3 spheres B. 2 spheres C. 7 spheres D. 5 spheres E. 6 spheres 17. What is the essence of the first sphere of the agricultural industrial complex? A. This sphere includes enterprises and organizations directly engaged in the production of agricultural products. B. . This sphere consists of areas that provide the agro-industrial complex with means of production and provide production and technical services to agriculture C. This sphere of the agro-industrial complex includes areas and enterprises that ensure the supply, processing and delivery of agricultural products to consumers. D. This includes the food industry, meat, milk, flour, and fodder production areas. E. None of them 18. What is the essence of the second sphere of the agricultural industrial complex? A. This sphere includes enterprises and organizations directly engaged in the production of agricultural products. B. This sphere consists of areas that provide the agro-industrial complex with means of production and provide production and technical services to agriculture. C. This sphere of the agro-industrial complex includes areas and enterprises that ensure the supply, processing and delivery of agricultural products to consumers. D. This includes the food industry, meat, milk, flour, and fodder production areas. E. None of them 19. What is the essence of the third sphere of the agricultural industrial complex? A. This sphere includes enterprises and organizations directly engaged in the production of agricultural products. B. This sphere consists of areas that provide the agro-industrial complex with means of production and provide production and technical services to agriculture. C. This sphere of the agro-industrial complex includes areas and enterprises that ensure the supply, processing and delivery of agricultural products to consumers. D. This sphere includes the following areas: tractor and agricultural machine building, production of mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection agents, microbiological industry, repair of agricultural machinery and implementation of major construction works in the agro-industrial complex. E. None of them 20. What is agro-industrial integration? A. This is the process of natural combination of production relations with agriculture and the fields that provide services to it and deliver finished products to consumers. B. Reflects the value of all products (except fixed assets) and agricultural services used during the year for product production and service provision. C. It is to achieve the dynamic development of public consumption by efficient use of natural resources D. Development of the economic mechanism and application of market tools in the effective use of nature E. Formation of state regulation, forecasting system and control of nature protection measures 21. What is the final product of the agro-industrial complex called? A. It is a financial resource provided free of charge from the state budget in order to regulate the income and expenses of agricultural producers B. Funds given to agricultural producers from the state budget for the implementation of targeted financing, but returned if not used for that purpose or within a specified period. C. It is called the total volume of the product created for personal consumption or for the purpose of recycling D. It is the purchase of the product by the state in order to regulate the price E. Selling various products to entrepreneurs at a lower price 22. What is meant by state regulation of the agro-industrial complex? A. İt is understood the influence of state management bodies on agricultural products, raw materials, food production, storage, processing, as well as material and technical support of the agricultural field . B. İt is understood the influence of state administration bodies only on agricultural products . C. İt is understood the influence of state management bodies only on the production of raw materials and food . D. İt is understood the influence of government bodies only on food storage . E. İt is understood the influence of state management bodies only on the material and technical support of the agricultural sector . 23. What is dotation? A. Gratuitous financial resources provided to agricultural producers at the expense of the state budget; B. Targeted financial assistance provided free of charge from internal and external sources; C. Funds provided from the state budget to agricultural producers for the implementation of targeted financing, but returned if they are not used for that purpose or within a specified period; D. Gratuitous funds provided from the state budget for the purpose of regulating the income and expenditures of agricultural producers; E. None of them 24.What is grant? A. Targeted financial assistance provided free of charge from internal and external sources ; B. Gratuitous funds provided from the state budget for the purpose of regulating the income and expenditures of agricultural producers; C. Funds provided from the state budget to agricultural producers for the implementation of targeted financing, but returned if they are not used for that purpose or within a specified period; D. Gratuitous financial resources provided to agricultural producers at the expense of the state budget; E. None of them 25. What is subvention? A. Funds provided from the state budget to agricultural producers for the implementation of targeted financing, but returned if they are not used for that purpose or within a specified period; B. Gratuitous funds provided from the state budget for the purpose of regulating the income and expenditures of agricultural producers; C. Targeted financial assistance provided free of charge from internal and external sources; D. Gratuitous financial resources provided to agricultural producers at the expense of the state budget; E. None of them 26.What is subsidy? A. Gratuitous financial resources provided to agricultural producers at the expense of the state budget; B. Gratuitous funds provided from the state budget for the purpose of regulating the income and expenditures of agricultural producers; C. Funds provided from the state budget to agricultural producers for the implementation of targeted financing, but returned if they are not used for that purpose or within a specified period; D. Targeted financial assistance provided free of charge from internal and external sources; E. None of them 27. Which of the given options are included in the main principles of the implementation of agrarian reforms? A. All of them B. Reconciliation of agrarian reforms with the economic policy of the state; C. Ensuring social justice and voluntarism during the reform; D. Considering the agricultural characteristics of the Republic; E. Social development of the village and social protection of the population 28.What types of agroparks differ depending on the priority of the type of activity? A. All of them B. Production agropark C. Research agropark D. Processing agropark E. Mixture agropark 29. Production agroparks - A. Specializes in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products; B. These agricultural parks are directed to scientific and technical research, development of technologies and their application to production; C. The main function of these agroparks is the processing of agricultural products. D. İn these agroparks, some of the functions of all types of agroparks are concentrated. E. These agroparks lay the groundwork for the creation and development of a new generation of technological structures aiming at the creation and spread of agro-innovations. 30. Research agroparks - A. İn these agroparks, some of the functions of all types of agroparks are concentrated. B. Specializes in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products; C. The main function of these agroparks is the processing of agricultural products. D. These agricultural parks are directed to scientific and technical research, development of technologies and their application to production; E. These agroparks lay the groundwork for the creation and development of a new generation of technological structures aiming at the creation and spread of agro-innovations. 31. Processing agroparks- A. The main function of these agroparks is the processing of agricultural products. B. These agricultural parks are directed to scientific and technical research, development of technologies and their application to production; C. Specializes in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products; D. İn these agroparks, some of the functions of all types of agroparks are concentrated. E. These agroparks lay the groundwork for the creation and development of a new generation of technological structures aiming at the creation and spread of agro-innovations. 32. Mixed agroparks - A. In this agroparks, some of the functions of all types of agroparks are concentrated. B. Research agroparks are directed to scientific and technical research, development of technologies and their application to production; C. Specializes in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products; D. The main function of this agroparks is the processing of agricultural products. E. This agroparks aim to create and spread agro-innovations and lay the foundation for the creation and development of a new generation technological structure. 33. Scientific agroparks- A. This agroparks aim to create and spread agro-innovations and lay the foundation for the creation and development of a new generation technological structure. B. Research agroparks are directed to scientific and technical research, development of technologies and their application to production; C. Specializes in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products; D. The main function of this agroparks is the processing of agricultural products. E. In this agroparks, some of the functions of all types of agroparks are concentrated. 34. What is the role of land in agriculture? A. It is a labor tool B. It is an object of labor C. It is a means of labor D. It is a labor subject E. It is a means of production 35. What are the properties of land as a means of production? A. All of them B. It is a product of nature C. Territorial trust is limited D. Productivity is available E. Does not wear out when used correctly 36. Which of the given variants is included in the economic fertility of the soil? A. Artificial and absolute fertility B. Absolute and natural fertility C. Absolute and relative fertility D. Natural and artificial fertility E. Relative and artificial fertility 37. Which of the following is the main factor in the decline in the income of agricultural producers? A. All of them B. Surplus crop problem in agricultural products C. Inelasticity of market demand for agricultural products D. Price imbalance between industrial and agricultural products E. Monopolistic position of the processing industry on the agricultural field 38. What types of fertility does the land have? 1. Scientific fertility 2. Artificial fertility 3. Incomplete fertility 4. Natural fertility 5. Economic fertility 6. Full fertility A. 2, 4, 5 B. 1, 2, 3 C. 1, 3, 6 D. 3, 6 E. 2, 4, 6 39. A form of privatization, occurs when a national government sells an asset or operation such as a large government-owned firm to private investors: A. Nationalization B. Privatization C. Denationalization D. Municipalization E. Collectivization 40. Which of the following is not true for our country's agriculture? A. A subsidy is given to a farmer who is not registered in EAIS B. Tax incentives are applied in agricultural production C. Credits are given to manufacturers on preferential terms​ D. Breeding animals, equipment are sold at discounted prices E. Direct subsidies are provided 41. Which of the following indicators characterizes the use of land in agriculture in general? A. Specific gravity of arable lands in the land area, specific gravity of arable land within agricultural lands, specific gravity of arable land within arable land B. Gross and net income per unit of land C. Labor productivity, level of profitability, cost D. Production of livestock products per 100 hectares of agricultural land Production of poultry and eggs per hectare of arable land E. The value or amount of gross and marketable product taken from 100 hectares of land 42. Which form of ownership has the largest share in the total land fund? A. Cooperative form of ownership B. Municipality form of ownership C. State form of ownership D. Special form of ownership E. Farmer form of ownership 43. Not related to land rent? A. Rent is the cost incurred by the owner for the land he leases. B. Two types of differential rent are distinguished: I-class and II-class differential rent. C. The common aspect for different types of rent is that it is a form of realization of land ownership right. D. Differential rent is characterized as the difference in labor productivity in exchange for the cost of land rent on low and high productivity land for the same size of area and fertility. E. The monopoly position of the owner over the land creates an absolute rent, and that rent is paid for the use of the land regardless of its quality. 44. What is meant by absolute soil fertility? A. The quantity of the product (productivity) shown from the area unit, sometimes also the value; B. The main indicator reflecting the productivity of the soil as a unity of natural and artificial fertility in an interconnected form; C. The amount or value of the product produced for a unit cost on a specific plot of land; D. Characterization of nutrient reserves collected in the process of soil formation; E. By improving the system of human cultivation works, creating conditions for increasing the amount of nutrients in the soil and their assimilation by plants; 45. Which of the following does not apply to soil properties? A. Wears and wears out as it is used B. Space is limited and its volume cannot be increased C. The agricultural production process cannot be carried out without it D. When the land is used efficiently, its fertility increases E. Land is not a product of human labor 46. Which land is not suitable for agriculture? A. The mower B. Rest area C. The bushes D. Pastures E. Place of sowing 47. What is natural fertility? A. The soil is characterized by reserves of nutrients collected in the process of formation. B. It arises from the interaction of artificial fertility and economic fertility C. It is expressed by the amount of the product taken from the area unit. D. It is the amount of product produced in exchange for a unit cost of land. E. Fertility created by people 48. What is economic fertility? A. The main indicator reflecting the productivity of the soil as a unity of natural and artificial fertility in an interconnected form; B. By improving the cultivation system, people will create conditions for increasing the amount of nutrients in the soil and their assimilation by plants; C. It is formed by the amount of nutrients collected in the soil D. The quantity of the product (productivity) shown from the area unit, sometimes also the value; E. None of them 49. What is artifical fertility? A. By improving the cultivation system, people will create conditions for increasing the amount of nutrients in the soil and their assimilation by plants; B. The main indicator reflecting the productivity of the soil as a unity of natural and artificial fertility in an interconnected form; C. It is formed by the amount of nutrients collected in the soil D. The quantity of the product (productivity) shown from the area unit, sometimes also the value; E. None of them 50. Identify the main directions of state support to agriculture in the Republic of Azerbaijan: 1. Tax benefits 2. Scientific justification of prices 3. Prevention of pollution costs 4. Customs concessions 5. Direct state support 6. State support for the production and sale of seeds and seedlings 7. Information about environmental regulation A. 1,4,5,6 B. 2,3,4,6 C. 3,5,6,7 D. 1,2,3,7 E. 2,3,5,6 51. Which of the following does not apply to specially protected lands? A. Lands intended for agriculture B. Reserves C. Parks D. Botany E. Resorts 52. What is the total area of agricultural lands in Azerbaijan? A. 4769 thousand ha B. 2656 thousand ha C. 2453 thousand ha D. 7843 thousand ha E. 4000 thousand ha 53. What depends on the economic assessment of land in agriculture? A. From seasonality B. From its territorial structure C. From climate factors D. From the quality of the soil E. From its field structure 54.What is the main indicator of economic efficiency of land use? A. Gross and net income per area unit B. The value of the total product taken from the area unit C. Productivity per area unit D. The specific weight of the planting area in the composition of useful soils E. The quantity of profit obtained per unit of production costs. 55. Which of the following does not apply to indicators of economic efficiency of land use? A. The amount of profit obtained per unit of production costs B. Gross income per area unit C. Net income per area unit D. Labor productivity per area unit E. Profitability 56. What is the main reason for maintaining land tax? A. There is no reason B. To increase the income of the state budget C. Financial support of municipalities D. Agricultural producers are not land tax payers E. To ensure that the land does not remain empty 57. What is the main goal of the agrarian reform in our republic? A. To remove the agrarian sector from the crisis and improve the social condition of the rural population B. To increase the import of agricultural products C. Reduce the production of competitive products D. To promote the development of cooperative relations E. Disband collective farms and state farms 58. Which of the following are the main directions of agrarian reforms? A. All of them B. Formation of new property relations in the agricultural field; C. Land reforms, reform of water and reclamation management; D. Establishment of different types of farms; E. State support in the agricultural sector 59. When we say fixed costs (total fixed cost)- A. It is money spent on specific and independently used resources. B. It is the costs that depending on the volume of production C. It is expenses paid for resources not belonging to the enterprise. D. It is the costs that do not change depending on the volume of production E. It is the costs incurred by an enterprise for the production of a specific product 60. When we say variable costs (total variable cost)- A. It is the costs that depending on the volume of production B. It is the costs that do not change depending on the volume of production C. It is expenses paid for resources not belonging to the enterprise. D. It is money spent on specific and independently used resources. E. It is the costs incurred by an enterprise for the production of a specific product