61. Not related to fixed costs? A. Fuel costs B. Rent payments C. Liabilities on securities D. Amortization calculated on buildings and equipment E. Insurance fees 62. Which of the following applies to variable costs? A. All of them B. Raw material costs C. Fuel costs D. Costs of transportation services E. Labor costs 63.The difference between product sales revenue and variable costs is a.... A. Net income B. Gross profit C. Net profit D. Marginal profit E. No correct answer 64. Average total costs ATC = A. Average variable costs (AVC)+Average fixed costs (AFC) B. Average variable Costs (AVC)-Average fixed Costs (AFC) C. Average variable costs (AVC)*Average fixed costs (AFC) D. Average variable Costs (AVC)/Average fixed Costs (AFC) E. None of them 65. Average Fixed Costs (AFC)- A. It is calculated as the ratio of total fixed costs to the quantity of output. B. It is the sum of variable and fixed costs. C. It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of variable costs to the amount of the produced product. D. It is calculated by dividing the amount of total expenses by the amount of the produced product. E. Calculated as the sum of average fixed and average variable costs 66. Average variable costs (AVC)- A. It is calculated as the ratio of the amount of variable costs to the amount of the produced product. B. It is the sum of variable and fixed costs. C. It is calculated as the ratio of total fixed costs to the amount of output. D. It is calculated by dividing the amount of total expenses by the amount of the produced product. E. Calculated as the sum of average fixed and average variable costs 67 . What is the indicator that characterizes the level of specialization of farms in more detail? A. Turnover ratio B. Form of costs C. Division of specialization D. Coefficient of specialization E. None of them 68. Which option refers to external costs? A. Raw materials, fuel, etc. B. Wages, building maintenance costs C. Costs for using new technology and fertilizers D. Equipment costs E. Costs for the production of various products 69. Which of the following are include yeast cost- reduction measures? A. Increasing product production B. Reduction of product production C. Increasing the costs of production D. Reduction in production than costs E. Increasing the costs than the product production 70. Which of the following is not a cost reduction measure? A. Increasing the costs more than the product production B. Increasing product production C. Reducing material costs D. Reducing labor costs E. Reduction of material and other costs 71. What is called the amount left after deducting the salary from the gross income? A. Net income B. Profit C. Net profit D. Last income E. Total income 72 .The cost structure is: A. The share of individual elements (articles) of costs in the cost of production B. The ratio of material, labor costs and profits in the composition of the price C. The share of fixed and current assets in the capital of the organization D. The level of certain types of costs per unit of production E. Staff training 73. Which of the following applies to fixed costs? A. Material costs B. Land tax C. Selling costs D. Transportation costs E. Profit tax 74. What can be determined by dividing a firm's costs by the amount of output it produces? A. Fixed costs B. Profit C. Profitability D. Average total costs E. Variable costs 75. A__________ is the mandated maximum amount a seller is allowed to charge for a productor service: A. Price floor B. Price ceiling C. Wholesale price D. Retail price E. Export price 76. What are the functions of the market? A. Price creator, informant, intermediary, regulator, health-promoting B. Technological, informative, intermediary, regulator, health-promoting C. Sociological, price-creating, intermediary, regulator, health-promoting D. Income generating, Sociological, price generator, intermediary, regulator E. Accounting, measurement, informant, intermediary, regulator 77.Which of the following options is true about the market? A. All of them B. This is the sphere of exchange of economic relations collected in connection with the sale of goods, products, work and services. C. It is a mechanism of interaction between sellers and buyers, producers and consumers in the purchase and sale of goods. D. It is a relationship related to the concentration of social labor in commodities regarding the exchange of goods for money and money for goods. E. It is the sphere of relations between people. 78. What are the types of markets according to their economic functions? A. Consumption and service, means of production, land, labor, securities markets B. Local, regional, national, world markets C. Perfectly competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopolistic markets D. Direct and indirect markets E. Extenal and internal markets 79. What are the types of market according to the scale of activity? A. Direct and indirect markets B. Consumption and service, means of production, land, labor, securities markets C. Perfectly competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopolistic markets D. Local, regional, national, world markets E. Extenal and internal markets 80.What are the types of markets according to the degree of competition limitation? A. Perfectly competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopolistic markets B. Local, regional, national, world markets C. Consumption and service, means of production, land, labor, securities markets D. Direct and indirect markets E. Extenal and internal markets 81. The ability and willingness of people to pay for something is: A. Value. B. Need C. Necessity D. Desire E. Demand 82. A price is the … A. Quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for one unit of goods or services B. Is influenced goods and services C. A place where many buyers and sellers D. Many financial transactions E. A charge usually of money imposed by authority 83. A ________ is the mandated minimum amount a seller is allowed to charge for a product or service: A. Price floor B. Price ceiling C. Wholesale price D. Retail price E. Export price 84. What is Demand? A. Solvency is the amount of money that a buyer can and wants to pay to buy what he needs, or the amount of goods and services that can be purchased at any price over a period of time. B. A set of economic sectors engaged in the production, processing, storage and delivery of agricultural products to consumers C. It is the market mechanism D. Is the quantity or set of goods and services that producers prepare and want to sell at a given time and at any price. E. All of them 85. What is Supply? A. Is the quantity or set of goods and services that producers prepare and want to sell at a given time and at any price. B. A set of economic sectors engaged in the production, processing, storage and delivery of agricultural products to consumers C. It is the market mechanism D. Solvency is the amount of money that a buyer can and wants to pay to buy what he needs, or the amount of goods and services that can be purchased at any price over a period of time. E. All of them 86. According to the law of supply, what is the relationship between the price of a product and its supply? A. Equality B. Inverse proportionality C. Straight proportionality D. Contradiction E. Irrelevance 87.What is the non-price factor that causes the number of sellers to change? A. Supply B. Demand C. Necessity D. Money E. None of them 88. According to the law of demand......... A. The price of the commodity and the level of demand for it are inversely proportional to each other B. The price of the commodity and the level of its demand are directly proportional to each other C. The price of the commodity and the level of demand for it are equal to each other D. Supply and demand are inversely proportional to each other E. The level of supply depends on it 89. A situation where the volume of supply is higher than the volume of demand A. Surplus B. Deficiency C. Scarcity D. Equilibrium E. None of them 90.How do estimates of rising commodity prices affect today's demand? A. Decreases B. It increases C. Does not affect D. No relation E. It becomes equal 91. What is a market structure where there are only a few sellers selling similar or identical products? A. Oligopoly B. Monopolistically competitive C. Competitive D. Pure monopoly E. Monopoly 92. Which of the following is a feature of a free market? 1. The presence of a large number of enterprises 2. That the products demanded by competitors are similar and mutually substitutable 3. No price limit 4. The ability of enterprises to influence the price 5. Difficulties of entering the market A. 1,2,3 B. 2,3,4 C. 3,4,5 D. 1,4,5 E. 4,5 93. What is meant by production? A. Creation of blessings necessary for society to live B. The process of progress and development of society C. The process of using resources for human needs D. Physical and mental activity performed by people E. All of them 94.The following does not reflect character of innovation: A. Impacts of radical and incremental innovation B. Degree of novelty C. Type of innovation (product and process innovation) D. Old technology and production E. Source of innovation (technological and non-technological innovation) 95. What is meant by labor? A. Human activity aimed at obtaining a certain useful result B. Natural factor C. Value that brings surplus value to the owner D. The type of activity that organizes the movement, use and management of production factors E. None of them 96. What are the types of production processes according to the type of production organization? 1.Individual 2. Incomplete 3. Serial 4.Complete 5.Massive A. 1, 3,5 B. 2, 4 C. 1, 2, 3 D. 1, 4,5 E. 2, 3 97. What is initially necessary for production to occur under each production method. 1. Machine, mechanism 2. Human labor force 3. Labor tools 4. Entrepreneurial activity 5. Labor subjects A. 2,3, 5 B. 1,2, 5 C. 1, 4 D. 1,2, 3 E. 3,4, 5 98. What is meant by means of labor? A. Raw materials B. Finished product C. Things given by nature itself D. Things that a person devotes to the body of labor when creating a finished product E. None of them 99. What else are labor tools called? A. Labor means B. Labor facilities C. Production means D. Labor bodies E. Labor force 100. Production capital of agrarian enterprises- A. It is the capital used in the production process. B. It is capital used for other purposes in an enterprise that is not directly involved in the production process C. It is a mechanism of interaction between sellers and buyers, producers and consumers in the purchase and sale of goods. D. It is a relationship related to the concentration of social labor in commodities regarding the exchange of goods for money and money for goods. E. It is the sphere of relations between people.