Виды лекарственных препаратов. Основные лекарственные формы побочное действие лекарственного средства - adverse effect of a drug терапевтическое действие лекарственного средства — therapeutic action of a drug лекарственное средство для внутреннего (наружного) применения — drug for internal (external) use принимать лекарство каждый час —— to take a drug every hour натощак — on an empty stomach перед едой — before meals после еды — after meals по одной столовой ложке 2 раза в день — a table- spoonful twice a day свеча — suppository применять свечи — to use suppositories давать раствор в соответствии с предписанием врача — to give solution according to the doctor’s instruction таблетка — tablet полтаблетки – a half tablet таблетка, покрытая оболочкой — coated tablet принимать таблетки 3 раза в день — to take tablets three times a day раствор — solution присыпка — dust, powder сложный порошок — compound powder порошок — powder растирать лекарство в порошок — to powder drug. пилюля — pill обезболивающая пилюля — pain-relieving pit отвар — decoction давать отвар 3 раза в день после еды — to give decoction three times a day after meal настойка — tincture принять 10 капель настойки — to take ten drops of the tincture микстура — mixture встряхнуть бутылку с микстурой перед использованием — to shake the bottle with the mixture before use мазь — ointment намазать мазь — to put the ointment on капли — drops накапать семь капель — to drop seven drops Any chemically and physically homogeneous mixture of two more substances is said to be a solution.(раствор) Переведите на английский язык: 1) Не принимайте лекарства без назначения врача. 2) Вы хорошо переносите новокаин? 3) Закажите эту мазь в аптеке. 4) Взбалтывайте эту микстуру перед употреблением. 5) Принимайте эту настойку по столовой ложке два раза в день до еды 6) Принимайте эти таблетки по одной каждые четыре часа. 7) Храните свечи в прохладном месте. 8)Запивайте эту пилюлю молоком. 9) Не принимайте эти капли натощак. 10) Выпишите лекарство от болей в сердце. 11) Все лекарственные средства разделяются на лекарственные средства для внутреннего и наружного применения. Прочитайте следующие ситуации и ответьте на вопросы: Yesterday my sister went to the chemist’s and bought a box of medicine with a white label on it. Yesterday my friend was at the chemist’s and ordered the medicine at the prescription department. In an hour he received a small bottle with a yellow label on it. Which of them had the medicine for internal use? Прочитайте, переведите текст и выполните упражнения. ТЕКСТ 1. TABLETS The tablet is the most common form for the administration of a drug in a dry state. A tablet shows definite properties of mechanical strength and is characterized by a definite rate of desintegration with water. It is observed that tablets can be made from certain drills, even without the addition of auxiliary substances. But for some drugs, the addition of auxiliary substance' is found to be necessary to overcome certain difficulties in their tabletting. The application of different pressure during tabletting plays a very important role. It helps to avoid unnecessary complications. Tablets, which should dissolve in the mouth, must be more strongly compressed than other tablets for internal administration. Another important effect of higher pressures is an increase in friction, which demands the use of greater amounts of lubricants and glidants. Glidants are added to the tablets to improve their flow properties. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, выпишите их в тетрадь. самая распространенная форма лекарственных препаратов, определенные свойства, вспомогательные вещества, преодолеть определенные трудности, применение определенного давления, растворяться во рту, для внутреннего применения, увеличение трения, смазывающие вещества, скользящие вещества, скользящее свойство. Переведите текст и составьте краткий пересказ на английском языке. ТЕКСТ 2. Sources, forms, keeping and storage of drugs. Drugs are chemical substances used in medicine in the treatment of diseases. These chemical substances can come from many different sources. They can be obtained from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, stems, roots and rhizomes. Examples of such medicines are: digitalis from a plant called foxglove, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) from a plant called mold. Some drugs may be of animal origin. They are produced from the blood, serum, bile and other tissues and organs of animals. Some drugs are synthesized in the laboratory (methatrexate and prednisone); vitamins are obtained from food substances. Mineral waters, salts and other natural substances are also used as drugs. Drugs are produced in hard, soft, liquid and other forms. Hard forms of drugs are: tablets, pills and powders. Soft forms are oils, ointments, creams and so on. Liquid forms of drugs are: solutions, mixtures, infusions, decoctions, tinctures etc. Gases, vapours and aerosols are also used in medicine. Drugs are kept in bottles, boxes, parcels, tubes, ampoules and jars. Every small bottle or a box has a label with the name of medicine stuck on it. There are labels of three colors. White ones are stuck to indicate drugs for internal use. Yellow labels indicate drugs for external use and blue labels show drugs that should be used for injections. The dose to be taken and directions for the administration are also written on the label. Nurses, doctors and patients themselves must not confuse different medicines because some of them are poisonous and their overdosage may cause an untoward reaction and sometimes even death. Drugs are stored at room temperature, in cool places and refrigerators where they are protected from sunlight and fire, in dark places and away from children. 1. Выпишите и переведите подчеркнутые в тексте слова и выражения. Составьте к ним вопросы. 2. Закончите предложения, заменив русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами. Предложение можно не переписывать. 1. Drugs can come from many different (источников). 2. Drugs can be obtained from various parts of plants, such as (листья, стебли, корни, корневища). 3. Liquid forms of drugs are: (настой, настойка, отвар). 4. Every small bottle or a box has (этикетку) with the name of medicine stuck on it. 5. White ones are stuck to (указывать) drugs for internal use. 6. Nurses, doctors and patients themselves must not (путать) different medicines because some of them are poisonous and their (передозировка) may cause an untoward reaction and sometimes even death.