Классная работа Занятие 7. GREAT BRITAIN Useful Vocabulary Study the following words and word combinations: 1) to be situated - располагаться; 2) north-west - северо-запад; 3) to…

Классная работа Занятие 7. GREAT BRITAIN Useful Vocabulary Study the following words and word combinations: 1) to be situated - располагаться; 2) north-west - северо-запад; 3) to include - включать в себя; 4) to contain - содержать; 5) island - остров; 6) square miles - квадратные мили; 7) suburbs - пригород; 8) mostly - главным образом; 9) mild - мягкий; 10) all colours and races - все цвета кожи и расы; 11) the surface - поверхность; 12) ships - корабли; 13) barges - баржи; 14) parliamentary monarch - парламентская монархия; 15) mineral resources - минеральные ресурсы. Read the text. Прочитать текст и выполнить упражнения. Выписать кратко: 1) географическое положение, 2) климат, 3) население, 4) национальные символы, 5)политическое и экономическое устройство, 6)традиции Перевести предложения на русский язык  GREAT BRITAIN The United Kingdom is situated in the north-west coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean on the north-west and the North Sea on the east. The U.K. includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland. I Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, contains England, Scotland and Wales. The United Kingdom has an area of 244,000 square kilometres (94,249 square miles). The capital of the country is London. English is the official language. The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is not too hot in summer or too cold in winter. It often rains in England. Rain falls in summer and in winter, in autumn and in spring. Snow falls only in the north and west of the country. The surface of England and Ireland is flat, but Scotland and Wales are mountainous. Many parts of the country have beautiful villages. There are many rivers in Great Britain. The main river is the Thames. Many ships and barges go up and down the river. The longest river is Severn. It is 350 kilometres long. The population of the U.K. is nearly 60 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five people live in towns. Over 46 million people live in England. Over 3 million - in Wales. A little over 5 million - in Scotland. About 1,5 million - in Northern Ireland. London's population is over 7 million people. The British nation consists of the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. There are many people of all colours and races in the United Kingdom. There are many universities, colleges, libraries, museums and theatres in the country. The most famous universities are Cambridge University, Oxford University, Glasgow University. The flag of the UK is made up of three crosses of the patron saints: the upright red against a white background — St. George of England, the white diagonal against a blue background — St. Andrew of Scotland, the red diagonal against a white background — St. Patrick of Northern Ireland. The English people have the habit of naming their national flag «the Union Jack». The U.K. is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary  democracy. The Head of the State is the Queen/King who reigns with the support of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. For a long time the UK has succeeded in remaining one of the important commercial centres of the world. Nowadays the UK doesn’t depend upon economies and industrial manufacturing of other countries. The United Kingdom has some mineral resources. Coal and oil are the most important of them. The United Kingdom is one of the world's most industrialized countries. The main industrial centres are Sheffield, Birmingham and Manchester. The largest cities of the country are London, Birmingham, Cardiff, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin. Agriculture makes an important sector in the economy of the country. The British people grow wheat, fruit, vegetables, oats. Christmas is the most important public holiday. The day before Christmas Day is known as Christmas Eve. Some people go to church to a special service called Midnight Mass. Christmas Day is a public holiday and people spend the day with their families. They open their presents and then have a special meal called Christmas Dinner. This is typically turkey with potatoes and other vegetables. In the UK, this is followed by Christmas pudding. After Christmas Day many stores have special sales (a period of time when goods can be bought cheaper) on the day after Christmas. In the UK, the sales usually start later, and are known as the January sales. In the UK the day after Christmas Day is called Boxing Day. It is called Boxing Day because in the past it was the day when rich people gave their servants a present of money known as a ‘Christmas box’. A lot of sport is played on Boxing Day, and many people watch sport on television. Twelfth Night is twelve days after Christmas, and is the day when people take down their decorations and remove their Christmas trees. Shrove Tuesday, or Pancake Day is day in the UK when people eat pancakes. It is the last day before Lent. In the past, Christians ate only simple food during Lent. People used up all their milk, butter, and eggs for pancakes on Shrove Tuesday because they were not allowed to eat them during Lent. St. Patrick’s Day is on the 17th of March. It is the national day of Ireland that is also celebrated by Irish people in the UK and US. People wear green clothes, dye flowers green, and go to the pub and drink beer. Mother’s Day, or Mothering Sunday is the fourth Sunday in Lent. A day in the UK when people give presents and cards to their mothers. Mothers are often taken out for lunch, and usually do not have to do the work they normally do. Guy Fawkes’ Night, the 5th of November, is a day in the UK, when people light bonfires and let off fireworks. Traditionally this is done to remember the time when Guy Fawkes tried, but failed, to destroy the Houses of Parliament with gunpowder in 1605. Ответьте письменно на вопросы. 1. Where is Great Britain situated? 2. What do you say about the climate of Great Britain? 3. How many people live in Great Britain? 4. Where does population live mostly? 5. What is the national symbol of Great Britain? 6. What is a political structure in the UK? 7. How many do mineral resources have in the UK? Name them. 8. Does agriculture make an important sector in the economy of the country? 9. What do the British people grow? 10. What are the most important public holidays? Describe one of them. Домашняя работа Занятие 7 . THE USA Useful Vocabulary Study the following words and word combinations: 1) important - важный; 7) to be washed - омываться; 2) joined together - вместе взятые; 8) plain - равнина; 3) to combine - объединять; 9) stripes - полоски; 4) free access - свободный доступ; 10) commander-in – chief - верховный главнокомандующий 5) highland - высокогорье; 11) states - штаты; 6) trade routes - торговые пути; 12) Atlantic coast - побережье Атлантики; 13) great contrasts - большие контрасты. Прочитать текст и выполнить упражнения. Выписать кратко: 1) географическое положение, 2) климат, 3) население, 4) национальные символы, 5)политическое и экономическое устройство, 6)традиции THE USA The United States of America is another important English-speaking country. It consists of fifty different states, and the District of Columbia joined together under one government. The USA covers an area of almost 9 400 000 square kilometres and is twice as large as all the countries of Europe combined. It is placed in the middle of the North American continent and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Placed between two oceans, the USA has free access to the trade routes of the world. The USA is divided into three areas: Eastern area - a highland. Central area - a plain, and the Western area which is mountainous. The north-western part of the USA includes five lakes. The whole central plain constitutes the basin of the Mississippi River. Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world. On the whole, the USA has a continental climate. It is at the same time, one of the coldest and one of the hottest countries, one of the wettest and one on the driest. The United States is the third largest country in the world in population (about 250 million people). About 94 per cent of the people were born in the United States. The largest foreign-born groups are Mexicans, Germans, Canadians, Italians, British, and Cubans. The US has never had an official language, but English has always been the main language spoken in the country. Emigrants from the British Isles, including the nation’s founders, spoke English. Spanish is the second most common language in the USA. The capital of the United States is Washington. It is situated on the Potomac River not far from the Atlantic coast. Washington is not a very large city. Such cities as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Houston, Dallas, Philadelphia, Detroit, New Orleans and some others are larger. The national symbols of the USA include the American flag and Great Seal. The flag of the United States is called «Stars and Stripes». The 50 stars represent the 50 states, and the 13 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became free and independent of England. On the one side of the Great Seal, there is an eagle, holding an olive branch and arrows, which are symbolizing a desire for peace and the ability to wage a war. On the reverse side, there is the Eye of Providence, representing God, and a pyramid dated 1776. The United States has a federal system of government with the President at the head. The USA is governed by Congress and by the President. Congress consists of the Senate (100 senators - 2 from each state) and the House of Representatives (435 Congressmen). The President, who is also the head of the government and the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces, is elected every four years. The USA is one of the most developed countries in the world. The USA is rich in natural resources. It has vast areas of fertile soil, an abundant water supply, and large areas of forests. There are also large deposits of minerals, such as coal, iron ore, natural gas, etc. It is a country of great contrasts. There are a lot of unsolved problems in the country, such as unemployment and inflation, but nevertheless, it is one of the greatest countries in the world. There are a lot of holidays in the USA. Many of them are connected (связаны) with the history of the nation (государство). The main holidays of the USA are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas. President’s Day is a holiday in the US on the third Monday in February to remember the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Memorial Day comes on May 30. It is dedicated (посвященный) to the memory of those who died for America in different wars. The fourth of July, the Independence Day, is the biggest national holiday of the USA. On this day in 1776 the Declaration (декларация) of Independence (независимость) was adopted. During (в течение) this holiday American cities have parades (парады), people shoot off fire-works (фейерверки). Halloween, the 31st of October, is the day when, in the past, people believed that the spirits of dead people appeared. Especially in the US, children celebrate Halloween by dressing up as witches, ghosts and going «trick or treating». They knock on people’s doors, and people give them sweets and small presents. Thanksgiving Day comes on the fourth Thursday of November. It is a family holiday and Americans try (пытаться) to gather all family at home on this day. Christmas is the most important public holiday in the US and UK, and takes place on and around December 25lh. It consists of fifty different states, and the District of Columbia joined together under one government. It is placed in the middle of the North American continent and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west The US has never had an official language, but English has always been the main language spoken in the country. . On the one side of the Great Seal, there is an eagle, holding an olive branch and arrows, which are symbolizing a desire for peace and the ability to wage a war. There are also large deposits of minerals, such as coal, iron ore, natural gas, etc. Although it is a Christian holiday, when the birth of Jesus is celebrated, people who are not Christian also celebrate Christmas as an occasion to give presents and spend time with their families. Ответьте письменно на вопросы. 1. Where is the USA situated? 2. What do you say about the climate of the USA? 3. How many people live in the USA? 4. How many are foreign-born groups in the USA? Name them. 5. What are the national symbols of the USA? 6. What is a political structure in the USA? 7. How many do mineral resources have in the UK? Name them. 8. Does agriculture make an important sector in the economy of the country? 9. What are the most important public holidays? Describe one of them. Вставьте пропущенные слова. 1. It consists of fifty different…, and the District of Columbia… together under one government. 2. It is placed in the middle of the … continent and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean… and the Pacific Ocean in the west. 3. The US has never had … language, but …has always been the main language spoken in the country. 4. On the one side of the Great…, there is an eagle, holding an… and arrows, which are symbolizing a desire… and the ability to wage…. 5. There are also large …of minerals, such as coal,… , natural gas, etc. 6. Although it is a… holiday, when the… of Jesus is celebrated.