Fever is the elevation above normal human body temperature. A fever may be accompanied by symptoms such as shivering, headache, sweating, thirst, faster-than normal breathing, and a flushed face. Confusion or delirium sometimes occur, especially in the elderly; a high fever may cause seizures in a child under 5 years (see convulsion, febrile) or coma. Most fevers are caused by a bacterial infection such as tonsillitis or a viral infection such as influenza. In these cases, proteins called pyrogens are released when the white blood cells fight the microorganisms that are responsible for the infection. Pyrogens act on the temperature controlling center in the brain, causing it to raise the body temperature in an attempt to destroy the invading microorganisms. Fever may also occur in conditions, such as dehydration, thyrotoxicosis, lymphoma, and myocardial infarction, where infection is not present. Drugs such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or paracetamol may be given to reduce fevers that are due to infections. Otherwise, treatment is directed at the underlying cause (for example, giving antibiotic drugs for a bacterial infection). There are some types of fever: Subfebrile (Low-grade) fever - temperature between 99°F (37.2°C) and 100.4°F (38°C); Febrile (Moderate) fever - temperature between 100.4°F (38°C) and 102°F (38.9°C); Pyrexia - Temperature between 102°F (38.9°C) and 105.8°F (41°C); Hyperpyrexia - temperature more than 105.8°F (41°C), it can be fatal. A fever can be divided into three stages. Onset is when the temperature first begins to go up. The increase in temperature can be slow or sudden, the person can have chills and feel cold and breathing and heart rate increase. During the course of the fever the temperature can go up and down in one of three patterns: continuous, intermittent or remittent. During this stage, the person has an increased heart and breathing rate and feels warm to the touch. The person may also look flushed, feel thirsty, lose their appetite, have a headache and feel weak and tired. During the subsiding stage the temperature returns to normal. It can return gradually or suddenly. As the body temperature returns to normal, the person usually sweats and may become dehydrated due to loss of fluid from sweating. Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. 1. What is fever? 2. What are the symptoms accompanied by fever? 3. What is fever caused by? 4. What is the treatment of fever? 5. What are the types of fever? 6. What are the stages of fever?
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14 февраля 2025 07:21
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