2) Read and translate the text. Translate the expressions in bold. Russia is the largest country in the world. It occupies about the one seventh of the earth’s surface. Russia…
2) Read and translate the text. Translate the expressions in bold. Russia is the largest country in the world. It occupies about the one seventh of the earth’s surface. Russia covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. The country is washed by 12 seas of three oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea border with the USA. The population of Russia is 145.5 million people. 83 percent are Russians. The capital of the country is Moscow. It is the largest city and has a population of about 12 million people (2016). There is hardly a country in the world with such a variety of scenery and vegetation. Russia has steppes in the south, plains and forests in the central region, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. Russia is located on two plains. They are the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. There are several mountains chains on the territory of the country: the Urals, the Caucasus, the Altai and others. The largest mountain chain, the Urals, separates Europe from Asia. In Russia there are long rivers and deep lakes. The Volga is the biggest Europe’s river. The world’s deepest lake is Lake Baikal. The water in Lake Baikal used to be very clean. It was so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom. Russia has one sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East. Over the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the south-west the weather is usually mild and wet; northern Asia is one of the coldest places on the earth, and in the south the heat is unbearable. But in the middle of the country the climate is moderate and continental. Russia is very rich in mineral resources. It exports oil and natural gas. In recent years the political and economic situation in the country has started getting out of the crisis. There are a lot of opportunities for our country to become one of the leading countries in the world. Ex.4. Answer the questions. Where is Russia situated? How large is Russia compared to other countries? What countries does it border on? What are Russia’s main regions? What seas and oceans is Russia washed by? What are the most important rivers in Russia? What is the deepest lake in Russia? What types of climate are there on the territory of Russia? Which is the prevailing one? Is Russia rich in natural resources?
- Russia is situated in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.
- Russia is the largest country in the world, occupying about one-seventh of the Earth's surface.
- Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan in the south, and on Norway, Finland, the Baltic States, Belarus, and Ukraine in the west.
- Russia’s main regions include steppes in the south, plains and forests in the central region, tundra and taiga in the north, and highlands and deserts in the east.
- Russia is washed by the Pacific, Arctic, and Atlantic oceans, with 12 seas in total.
- The most important rivers in Russia include the Volga, which is the biggest river in Europe.
- The deepest lake in Russia is Lake Baikal.
- There are various types of climate in Russia, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south, with a moderate continental climate prevailing in the middle.
- Yes, Russia is rich in natural resources, exporting oil and natural gas.
Обсуждение
4 сообщенияУпражнение 1. Образуйте прошедшую форму данных глаголов и распределите их по трем колонкам в зависимости от окончаний. При этом вспомните правила орфографии.Walk, wash, hope, stop, cry, watch, cook, play, open, talk, want, clean, work, live, close, end, smile, hurry, visit, count, finish, look, like, kiss, start Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple. What did the family (to do) yesterday? Mr Smith (to wash) his car yesterday morning. Mrs Smith (to water) plants in the garden. Then they (to clean) the yard and (to play) chess. In the evening their boys (to listen) to the music and (to watch) TV. Their little sister (to play) dolls and then (to cry) a little. In the evening the children (to brush) their teeth and went to bed. Aunt Nelly (to work) in the kitch¬en all day. She (to bake) a delicious apple pie. Then she (to wash) the dishes and (to look) very tired. In the evening she (to relax) and (to talk) on the phone. Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to wait) for her to go for a walk. Упражнение 3. Образуйте прошедшую форму данных НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ глаголов. I. see hear sing run read stand take bring cut put write eat II. drink be teach buy speak have sleep get go give know come
Упражнение 1. Прошедшая форма глаголов
Глаголы с окончанием -ed:
- walk - walked
- wash - washed
- hope - hoped
- stop - stopped
- play - played
- clean - cleaned
- work - worked
- live - lived
- close - closed
- like - liked
- kiss - kissed
- start - started
Глаголы с удвоением согласной:
- cry - cried
- hurry - hurried
- watch - watched
- talk - talked
Неправильные глаголы:
- open - opened (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- want - wanted (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- finish - finished (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- count - counted (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- look - looked (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- visit - visited (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
- end - ended (правильный, но имеет значение используемой фонетики)
Упражнение 2. Past Simple
- What did the family do yesterday?
- Mr. Smith washed his car yesterday morning.
- Mrs. Smith watered plants in the garden.
- Then they cleaned the yard and played chess.
- In the evening their boys listened to the music and watched TV.
- Their little sister played with dolls and then cried a little.
- In the evening the children brushed their teeth and went to bed.
- Aunt Nelly worked in the kitchen all day.
- She baked a delicious apple pie.
- Then she washed the dishes and looked very tired.
- In the evening she relaxed and talked on the phone.
- Her husband smoked a cigarette and waited for her to go for a walk.
Упражнение 3. Прошедшая форма неправильных глаголов
I.
- see - saw
- hear - heard
- sing - sang
- run - ran
- read - read (читается как "ред")
- stand - stood
- take - took
- bring - brought
- cut - cut
- put - put
- write - wrote
- eat - ate
II.
- drink - drank
- be - was/were
- teach - taught
- buy - bought
- speak - spoke
- have - had
- sleep - slept
- get - got
- go - went
- give - gave
- know - knew
- come - came
Упражнение 4. Поставьте глаголы из настоящего в прошедшее время. Неправильные глаголы выделены жирным шрифтом. Не забудьте, что их форма меняется полностью. ПРИМЕР 1 (для правильного глагола) . I play ball. (Я играю в мяч.) — I played ball. (Я играл в мяч.) ПРИМЕР 2 (для неправильного глагола) . He goes to the park. (Он ходит в парк.) — He went to the park. (Он ходил в парк.) 1. I play dolls. 2. He wants to go home. 3. The driver stops the car. 4. He drinks tea every day. 5. It begins to rain. 6. They like our house. 7. I dream every night. 8. My sister cleans the room. 9. The teacher gives us a dictation. 10. He sits at his desk and writes a letter. 11. Mary comes early. 12. The cat catches the fish in the river. 13. The dog eats its dinner. 14. The boys go for a holiday. 15. Richard knows George. 16. The plane flies very high. 17. He teaches us English. 18. I wash my hands every day. 19. He goes to school. 20. Liz cuts her finger Упражнение 5. Напишите вторую форму глаголов. 1. to leave – 2. to keep – 3. to lead – 4. to meet – 5. to dream – 6. to read – 7. to mean – 8. to feel – 9. to feed – 10. to sleep – 11. to sweep – Упражнение 6. Поставьте глаголы из настоящего в прошедшее время. Вспомните перевод выражений, выделенных курсивом. ПРИМЕР. I feed my dog. (Я кормлю свою собаку.) — I fed my dog. (Я кормил свою собаку.) 1. I always keep secrets. 2. He sleeps well. 3. The driver feels bad and stops the car. 4. He means well. 5. They leave early. 6. I keep a hamster as a pet. 7. My granny feeds my pet. 8. My sister feels sick. 9. The teacher reads us a story. 10. He sweeps the floor and washes it. 11. Mary meets me at the theatre. 12. The duck leads her ducklings to the pond.
Упражнение 4.
- I played dolls.
- He wanted to go home.
- The driver stopped the car.
- He drank tea every day.
- It began to rain.
- They liked our house.
- I dreamed every night.
- My sister cleaned the room.
- The teacher gave us a dictation.
- He sat at his desk and wrote a letter.
- Mary came early.
- The cat caught the fish in the river.
- The dog ate its dinner.
- The boys went for a holiday.
- Richard knew George.
- The plane flew very high.
- He taught us English.
- I washed my hands every day.
- He went to school.
- Liz cut her finger.
Упражнение 5. Вторая форма глаголов.
- to leave – left
- to keep – kept
- to lead – led
- to meet – met
- to dream – dreamed
- to read – read (читается как "ред")
- to mean – meant
- to feel – felt
- to feed – fed
- to sleep – slept
- to sweep – swept
Упражнение 6.
- I always kept secrets. (Я всегда хранил секреты.)
- He slept well. (Он хорошо спал.)
- The driver felt bad and stopped the car. (Водитель плохо себя чувствовал и остановил машину.)
- He meant well. (Он имел добрые намерения.)
- They left early. (Они уехали рано.)
- I kept a hamster as a pet. (Я держал хомяка в качестве питомца.)
- My granny fed my pet. (Моя бабушка кормила моего питомца.)
- My sister felt sick. (Моя сестра чувствовала себя плохо.)
- The teacher read us a story. (Учитель прочитал нам рассказ.)
- He swept the floor and washed it. (Он подмёл пол и вымыл его.)
- Mary met me at the theatre. (Мэри встретила меня в театре.)
- The duck led her ducklings to the pond. (Утка повела своих утят к пруду.)
