Moscow, founded in 1147 by Yuri Dolgoruky, is the capital of Russia. In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible, it became the capital of a unified state. As one of Europe's largest cities, Moscow covers about nine hundred square kilometers and has a population exceeding 9 million. Renowned for its beauty, the heart of the city is Red Square, featuring the Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral, both exemplifying ancient Russian architecture. The Spasskaya Tower is a symbol of Russia. Within the Kremlin, visitors can find old cathedrals, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, and the Tsar-Cannon and Tsar-Bell, the largest cannon and bell in the world. St. Basil's Cathedral was constructed in the mid-16th century to commemorate the victory over Kazan.
Moscow boasts over 100 museums, with the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery being the largest. The city is also famous for its theaters, particularly the Bolshoi Opera House, along with various drama theaters. Moscow is often referred to as the city of students, housing more than 100 higher educational institutions. Furthermore, it serves as the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma) and is a central hub for the country's political life.