Read the text and translate it, OFFICIAL SYMBOLS OF RUSSIA State Russian symbols include the Russian flag, the Russian National Emblem (repo) and the Russian anthem (гимн). The current Russian flag was adopted on August 21, 1991 just before the country became an independent state. The Russian flag is tricolor. It consists of three horizontal stripes: white, blue, and red. The white color denotes nobleness and sincerity, the blue loyalty and honesty, and the red courage and generosity. Most historians trace the origin of Russia's flag to Peter the Great. In 1699 Peter selected the flag similar to the flag of the Netherlands white, blue and red flag His design was used as a Russian maritime flag for merchant ships and then it was adopted as the civil flag of Russia in 1883. The Russian National Emblem the two-headed eagle first appeared in Russia in the 15th century. Two-headed eagle has been the symbol of the monarchy of Russia for more than four hundred years. But with the advent of Russian revolution it was on the verge of extinction. In 1993, under the initiative of President Boris Yeltsin it was again adopted on 30th November 1993. The two heads of the eagle stand for the two parts of vast Russian empire European and Asian. There are three historical crowns of Peter the Great above the two-headed eagle (they are symbols of the sovereignty both in Russia as a whole and in its parts). The eagle holds in claws sceptre and orb as embodiment of State power and united state. On its chest there is a horseman Russian St. George who is killing an evil snake with his spear. That is one of the oldest symbols of victory of Russia against all its enemies, symbol of the struggle of good against evil, light against gloom. National Anthem of Russia For a long time Russia had no anthem. The various church hymns and military marches were used to honour the Russia up to 1816, when the "Молитва русских" («Prayer of the Russians») by Russian poet V. Zhukovskii was chosen as the national anthem. The second official anthem "Боже, царя храни" was presented in 1833, on December 25th. when the nation celebrated the expulsion of the French from Russia. That anthem existed until the October revolution of 1917 and was replaced to the new anthem of the victorious proletarian revolution International» in 1918. In 1944, the national anthem of Russia was accepted. The music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov and the lyries were written by Russian Federalist Sergey Mikhalkov. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1993, a government commission and President Yeltsin offered a new national anthem "Патриотическая песня" («Patriotic Song) by M. Glinka. However this anthem was unpopular and didn't inspire Russians. People preferred the old Soviet anthem instead of it. 3. Answer the questions What are the national symbols of Russia? What are three horizontal stripes of the flag denote? What do the two heads of the eagle stand for? What are the symbols of the sovereignty both in Russia as a whole and in its parts? What does the eagle hold in claws? Is a horseman Russian St. George one of the oldest symbols of victory of Russia against all its enemies, symbol of the struggle of good against evil, light against gloom? Who is the composer of the National Anthem? Who is the poet of the National Anthem? Read the text and translate it. The Political System of Russia The Russian Federation was set up by the Constitution of 1993. After its destruction in 1991. the Soviet Union was broken up into an independent Russia and and 14 other new, sovereign nations. The Russian Federation is a presidential (or a constitutional) republic. The President is the head of state and is elected directly by the people. He controls all the three branches of power. The President is commander-in-chief of the armed force, he makes treaties and enforces laws, appoints the prime minister, cabinet members and key judges. The President can override and in some cases even dissolve the national parliament, the bicameral Federal Assembly. The President has his administration, but it is not part of the Federal Government. The President is involved in the work of the legislative and executive branches, The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of the Federation Council (upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). The members of the State Duma are elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The Federation Council is not elected. It is formed of the heads of the regions. Each Chamber is headed by the Chairman Legislature is initiated in the State Duma, but to become a law a bill must be approved by the lower and upper house and signed by the President. The executive power belongs to the Government. The judiciak branch is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Cour and regional corts. Choose the correct answer The Russian Federation is a parliamentary monarchy. The President is the head of state and is elected by the State Duma. The President is involved in the work of the legislative and judicial branches of power. The government consists of the Federal Assembly and the Federation Council. The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. The Federation Council is elected by popular vote. The Federation Council is formed of the heads of the regions. Each Chamber of the Federation Council is checked and balance by the President. The legislative power is represented by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and regional courts The Russian Federation was set up by the Constitution of 1991. Make up topie about the political system of Russia I'd like to tell about.... The Russian Federation was set up ... Politically it is... The head of state is His function are ... There are three branches of power: The Federal Assembly consists of... The State Duma is elected by.... The Federation Council is formed of The legislative power... The executive power The judicial power...