Вот перевод предложений на английский язык:
The money supply determines the state of the economy of the country.
Money influences the price level, the rate of economic growth of the country, and the level of employment.
The money supply in the country is justified either by the production of consumer goods or by government decrees.
Money obtained from the production of consumer goods is valued according to the cost of precious metals: gold or silver.
Money obtained by government decree has no actual value of goods.
Many countries use a government system of inconvertible money, where the government, through its central bank, manages the money supply (the total amount of money in circulation).
In the United States, the Federal Reserve System is an independent government agency.
The main function of the Federal Reserve System is to regulate the money supply of the country.
All commercial banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System.
The Federal Reserve System is governed by a board of directors appointed by the president for a term of 14 years.
The board of directors is independent of political pressure from both the president and the Senate.