Раскройте скобки. They got into the house by (to break) a kitchen window and (to climb) in. Tom Tom left without (to finish) his dinner. 3.1 prefer (to cycle) to ( to drive) •…
Раскройте скобки. They got into the house by (to break) a kitchen window and (to climb) in. Tom Tom left without (to finish) his dinner. 3.1 prefer (to cycle) to ( to drive) • After (to phone) Ann I went out. We are happy (to invite) to the party. The representative of the firm asked for the documents (to send) by air mail. When I'm tired, I enjoy (to watch) television. It's relaxing. Antonio likes (to travel) around the world. Instead of (to eat) at home, they went to an Italian restaurant. My sister hates (to work) on Sundays. She ran five miles without (to stop) . He prefered (to change) the course of actions. It is worth (to discuss) the phenomenon. They could not help (to use) this information. It is no use (to consider) these writings. I forgot ( to take) my key when I went out. I'd like ( to help) you, but I can't help ( to lose) my job. He promised (to write) to me every week. The world is a fine place and worth (to fight) for. After (to listen) to me closely, Jim went on ( to read) his email.
Чтобы раскрыть скобки и правильно использовать инфинитив, нам нужно преобразовать глагольные формы в правильные конструкции. Во многих случаях, как правило, инфинитив с частицей "to" будет использоваться после определенных глаголов и выражений. Давайте разберем каждое предложение по отдельности.
They got into the house by breaking a kitchen window and climbing in.
- Здесь мы используем герундий (breaking, climbing), так как действие происходит в процессе.
Tom left without finishing his dinner.
- Опять же, используем герундий (finishing), поскольку "without" требует этой формы.
I prefer cycling to driving.
- Здесь тоже герундий, так как после "prefer" мы используем форму с -ing.
After phoning Ann, I went out.
- После "after" также используется герундий (phoning).
We are happy to be invited to the party.
- После "happy" используется инфинитив (to be invited), поскольку это конструкция с прилагательным.
The representative of the firm asked for the documents to be sent by air mail.
- Здесь подходит конструкция пассивного инфинитива (to be sent), так как мы говорим о том, что необходимо сделать с документами.
When I'm tired, I enjoy watching television. It's relaxing.
- Используем герундий (watching), так как "enjoy" требует формы -ing.
Antonio likes to travel around the world.
- Здесь правильный вариант — инфинитив (to travel), так как "like" может принимать как инфинитив, так и герундий, но с инфинитивом в данном контексте звучит лучше.
Instead of eating at home, they went to an Italian restaurant.
- После "instead of" используется герундий (eating).
My sister hates working on Sundays.
- Здесь также герундий (working), так как "hate" требует формы -ing.
- She ran five miles without stopping.
- Опять же герундий (stopping) после "without".
- He preferred to change the course of actions.
- В этом случае используем инфинитив (to change), так как "prefer" часто использует эту форму.
- It is worth discussing the phenomenon.
- После "worth" мы используем герундий (discussing).
- They could not help using this information.
- После "help" используется герундий (using), так как "could not help" требует этой формы.
- It is no use considering these writings.
- После "no use" всегда используется герундий (considering).
- I forgot to take my key when I went out.
- Здесь должны быть оба инфинитива (to take), так как "forget" может принимать как инфинитив, так и герундий, и здесь речь о действии, которое необходимо было сделать.
- I'd like to help you, but I can't help losing my job.
- В первом случае используется инфинитив (to help), а во втором — герундий (losing).
- He promised to write to me every week.
- Здесь правильный вариант — инфинитив (to write).
- The world is a fine place and worth fighting for.
- Используем герундий (fighting) после "worth".
- After listening to me closely, Jim went on to read his email.
- Здесь первый случай — герундий (listening), второй — инфинитив (to read).
Таким образом, раскрыв скобки и применив нужные формы, мы получили следующие предложения:
- They got into the house by breaking a kitchen window and climbing in.
- Tom left without finishing his dinner.
- I prefer cycling to driving.
- After phoning Ann, I went out.
- We are happy to be invited to the party.
- The representative of the firm asked for the documents to be sent by air mail.
- When I'm tired, I enjoy watching television. It's relaxing.
- Antonio likes to travel around the world.
- Instead of eating at home, they went to an Italian restaurant.
- My sister hates working on Sundays.
- She ran five miles without stopping.
- He preferred to change the course of actions.
- It is worth discussing the phenomenon.
- They could not help using this information.
- It is no use considering these writings.
- I forgot to take my key when I went out.
- I'd like to help you, but I can't help losing my job.
- He promised to write to me every week.
- The world is a fine place and worth fighting for.
- After listening to me closely, Jim went on to read his email.
Эти преобразования помогут вам понять, как правильно использовать герундий и инфинитив в английском языке.
