1. Прочитайте и напишите реферирование текста «KINDS OF MANAGERS» (по плану). 1. The headline (the title) of the article (text) is ... (The article is headlined ..., The headline of the article I've read is...) (1 sent.) 2. The author of the article (text) is...unknown person (1sent.) 3. The article is taken from (the newspaper) the book “.....”(1 sent) 4. The central idea of the article is about... (The main idea of the article is... the article is devoted to... the article deals with... the article touches upon... the purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on... the aim (1-3 sent) of the article is to provide a reader with some material on...) 5. Give a summary of the article (5 sentences) (The article begins with…., On the one hand, on the another hand, the author stresses, points out, dwells on…) next in the article… 6. Speak on the conclusion the author comes to.(In conclusion…) (1-2 sent) 7. Express your own point of view on the problem discussed. (In my opinion/ to my mind) KINDS OF MANAGERS Managers can be classified two ways: according to their level within the organization and according to their area of management. According to the level within the organization managers can be: 1. A top manager is an upper-level executive who guides and controls the overall fortunes of the organization. Top managers constitute a small group. In terms of planning, they are generally responsible for developing the organization's mission. They also determine the firm's strategy. It takes years of hard work, long hours, and perseverance, as well as talent and no small share of good luck, to reach the ranks of top management in large companies. Common job titles associated with top managers are chairman, president, vice president, chief executive officer (CEO), and chief operating officer (COO). 2. Middle management probably comprises the largest group of managers in most organizations. A middle manager is a manager who implements the strategy developed by top managers. Middle managers develop tactical plans and operational plans, and they coordinate and supervise the activities of first- line managers. Titles at the middle-management level include division manager, department head, plant manager, and operations manager. 3. A first-line manager is a manager who coordinates and supervises the activities of operating employees. First-line managers spend most of their time working with and motivating their employees, answering questions, and solving day-to-day problems. Most first-line managers are former operating employees who, owing to their hard work and potential, were promoted into management. Many of today's middle and top managers began their careers on this first management level. Common titles for first-line managers include office manager, supervisor, and foreman. 4. The supervisor is usually regarded as the first managerial grade in an organization hierarchy. Supervisors will often be workers promoted off the «shop floor» because of their hard work, initiative, and leadership qualities. The job of the supervisor will vary between organizations but, in general, he or she will be a manager who has had extensive contact with «shop floor» workers and knows how things should be done «on the ground». Supervisors are the first in line to deal with day-to-day operations and problems as they occur – for example, a breakdown in a piece of machinery, staff absenteeism, a hold-up in supplies, etc. According to the area of management managers can be: 1. A financial manager is primarily responsible for the organization's financial resources. Accounting and investment are specialized areas within financial management. Because financing affects the operation of the entire firm, many of the CEOs and presidents of this country's largest companies are people who got their «basic training» as financial managers. 2. A production manager (also called an operations manager) manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services. Traditionally, production management has been equaled with manufacturing – the production of goods. However, in recent years many of the techniques and procedures of production management have been applied to the production of services and to a variety of nonbusiness activities. Like financial management, production management has produced a large percentage of today's company CEOs and presidents. 3. A marketing manager is responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Specific areas within marketing are marketing research, advertising, promotion, sales, and distribution. A sizable number of today's company presidents have risen from the ranks of marketing management. 4. A personnel manager (also called a human resources manager) is charged with managing the organization's human resources programs. He or she engages in human resources planning; designs systems for hiring, training, and evaluating the performance of employees; and ensures that the organization follows government regulations concerning employment practices. Because human resources management is a relatively new area of specialization in many organizations, few top managers have this kind of back- ground. However, this situation should change with the passage of time. 5. An administrative manager (also called a general manager) is not associated with any specific functional area but provides overall administrative guidance and leadership. A hospital administrator is a good example of an administrative manager. He or she does not specialize in production, finance, marketing, or human resources management but instead coordinates the activities of specialized managers in all these areas. In many respects, most top managers are really administrative managers. 2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы по тексту: 1. How can managers be classified? 2. What are the main tasks of top managers? 3. Who is responsible for the organization's financial resources? 4. What do middle managers do? 5. Whose task is to deal with day-to-day operations and problems? 3. Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию прочитанного текста: 1. Marketing research, advertising, promotion, sales, and distribu tion are specific areas within marketing. 2. Shop-floor workers determine the firm's strategy. 3. An operations manager manages the systems that convert re- sources into goods and services. 4. A hospital administrator is a good example of a financial manager. 5. Middle managers coordinate and supervise the activities of first- line managers. 6. A marketing manager is responsible for managing the organization's human resources programs. 7. Like financial management, production management has pro duced a large percentage of today's company CEOs and presidents. 4. Прочитайте, переведите письменно на английский язык и составьте 10 предложений с каждым из словосочетаний: руководство компании; оперативное управление; тактический план; оперативный план; бизнес-план; совет директоров; председатель совета директоров; исполнительный директор; заведующий филиалом; коммерческий директор; генеральный директор; управляющий офисом; менеджер по продажам; менеджер по обслуживанию; начальник отдела кадров; руководитель производства; управляющий банком; управляющий магазином; руководитель высшего звена; руководитель среднего звена; руководитель низшего звена; линейный руководитель; промышленный рабочий; административная система; система обмена информацией.