II. Read the text and complete it with the necessary words.   efforts computer science activity government inventor questions fields When asked about the prestigious (1) ___ awards in the world, most of you will certainly name Nobel Prize as the sole one that occurs to you! The Nobel Prize, although the most famous and prestigious prize in the world of science, is not the only prize. There are other awards, some of which are no less prestigious than Nobel in their respective (2) ___. Nobel Prize The first and most recognized scientific award is the Nobel Prize which is named after Swedish (3) ___ Alfred Bernard Nobel. Nobel is awarded each year worldwide in the fields of chemistry, economics, literature, peace, physics and physiology or medicine. Alfred Nobel in 1998, a year before his death, donated the majority of his wealth made from his invention of dynamite to found Nobel Prize in order to compensate for the inhumane use of his invention by promoting humanitarian scientific (4) ___. Laureates of Nobel receive a gold medal, a heavily decorated diploma and the cash award, which is 8 million SEK (about US$1.1 million or €1.16 million). Nobel is often awarded to scientists to provide their research costs. The process of nominating and selecting the winner has been lengthy and very meticulous, which has made the Nobel Prize more credible than other awards. Turing Prize The Turing Prize is awarded annually by the Association of Computing Machines (ACM) to individuals who make a significant contribution to any advancement in the field of (5) ___ sciences. The prize was first awarded to Alan J Perlis in 1966. Since there is no Nobel Prize for computer science, this is the equivalent of the Nobel Prize. The prize is sponsored by two companies, Google and Intel, and the winner will receive USD $ 250,000. The award is named in honour of English mathematician Alan Turing, who is often referred to as the father of computer science. Fields Medal This award is given every four years by the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) to two, three or four mathematicians under 40 years of age for making lasting and advanced achievements in mathematics. The award was first donated to Finnish mathematician Lars Ahlfors and the American mathematician Jesse Douglas in 1936, and then officially started the (6) ___ in 1954. Maryam Mirzakhani is the first young female scientist to receive this award along with three other young scientists in 2014. The Fields and the Abel Prize are both highly regarded and important, and in some ways, they can be regarded as the Nobel Prize in mathematics, but because of the age restriction on the Fields Prize, Abel is a better option. The Fields Award includes a gold medal with an Archimedes profile and CA$15,000. Abel Prize Abel Prize is among the new and famous awards in the field of mathematics donated by the King of Norway to outstanding mathematicians. In 2001 the Norwegian (7) ___ announced that it wants to award a new prize to mathematicians in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1829‐1802). The award is an effort to promote mathematics knowledge among the people, especially the youth and is the de facto Nobel Prize of mathematics. The prize is NOK 6 million (about US $ 1 million) and was first awarded in 2003. Given that the Fields Medal is awarded once every four years, it is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in Mathematics. Breakthrough Prize The award donated to the important new achievements in fundamental physics, life sciences, and mathematics. In 2012, Yuri Milner founded the Breakthrough Prize for scientists who have made a significant contribution to promoting physics and answering deep (8) ___. Then, in 2013, the award was expanded to include the Life Sciences section (in line with significant improvements in lifestyle and life expectancy), and in 2014 significant achievements in all branches of mathematics were added to it. The award is the most expensive scientific award ever donated to any scientist, and the winners receive $3 million during a luxury televised ceremony.