8.2. Answer the following questions. 1. By whom was the law of preservation of matter discovered? 2. Who built the first steam engine for industrial purposes? 3. When was the electric arc discovered? 4. Who was the electric motor invented by? 5. Where was the first harvester built? 6. What is one of Lodygin's greatest contributions to science? 7. When were Yablochkov's lamps used? 8. Under what name was the electric light known in Europe? 9. Where and when were the first oil cracking plants built? By whom? 10. Are caterpillar tractors much used now? 11. Will new discoveries and inventions be used in our industry and agriculture? краткие ответы tremendous contribution to the development of world science and engineering was made by Russian scientists and inventors, great sons of the Russian people. The first gun with a wedge-block was cast in a Russian foundry by Andrey Chakhov at the beginning of the 17th century, over two centuries before the German engineers. The first lathe support was built by A.K. Nartov in the first quarter of the 18th century, seventy years earlier than a similar device was invented in England. The law of preservation of matter was discovered and formulated by M.V. Lomonosov in 1756, long before the French chemist Lavoisier. The first mechanical spinning mill was built in Russia by R. Glinkov in 1760, over ten years before Arkwright built his mill in England. The first steam engine for industrial purposes was built in Russia by I.l. Polzunov in 1765, nineteen years before James Watt built his steam engine in England. The electric arc was first discovered in Russia by V.V. Petrov in 1802, eight years before it was observed by Davy in England. The electric motor was invented by B.S. Yakobi in 1834. He also invented the first telegraph which printed letters. This was done in 1850, five years before Hughes, an American inventor. The method of making heavy armour plates by rolling was used for the first time in the world by V.S. Pyatov in Zlatoust in 1859. The first combine (harvester) was built in Russia by A.R. Vlasenko in 1868, 11 years before combines appeared in America. The first electric lamp was invented in 1873 by A.N. Lodygin and the first arc lamp by P.N. Yablochkov in 1876. Yablochkov's lamps were used to light the streets and public buildings in Paris and other cities. The electric light was known in Europe as the 'Russian light'. The world's first cracking of oil at high temperature and pressure was realized in Russia. The theory of the cracking process was elaborated by A.A. Letny, a Russian engineer, in 1877 and the first oil cracking plants were built by N.A. Alexeev and V.G. Shukhov in 1885-1891, many years before similar plants were built in America. Oil cracking was patented in the United States only in 1912. The world's first airplane built by A.F. Mozhaisky, rose into the air in Russia in 1882, 21 years before the first flight made by brothers Wright in America. The world's first caterpillar tractor was built by F.A. Blinov in 1880. in America it was built only in The first radio set was constructed by A.S. Popov in 1895. In Russia great attention is paid to the development of science and to work of inventors. Every day we hear about new discoveries and inventions made by our scientists and many more new discoveries and inventions will be made in the nearest future. Those inventions are and will be used in our industry and agriculture. Post-Reading Activities