Ниже подробное решение с объяснениями и готовыми ответами. Я поясню, почему выбран тот или иной залог времени.
Кратко о правилах
- Present Perfect Simple (have/has + V3) обычно: завершённое действие с результатом в настоящем, факты, опыт, повторяющиеся события до настоящего без указания длительности.
- Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + V-ing) подчеркивает длительность или процесс, продолжающийся до настоящего момента (с указаниями for/since).
Задание: прочитай ситуацию и заполни предложения (глагол в скобках).
Tom started reading a book two hours ago. He is still reading it and now he is on page 53. He has been reading … for two hours. (read)
Он продолжает читать уже двоe часа. Пояснение: длительность — present perfect continuous.
Ответ: He has been reading for two hours.
He has read … 53 pages so far. (read)
Здесь нужно указать количество страниц, прочитанных к настоящему моменту: He has read 53 pages so far.
Итог:
- He has been reading for two hours.
- He has read 53 pages so far.
Rachel is from Australia. She is travelling round Europe. She began her trip three months ago. She … … for three months. (travel)
Период путешествия длится три месяца: present perfect continuous.
… six countries so far. (visit)
За это время она посетила шесть стран: present perfect simple.
Ответ:
- She has been travelling for three months.
- She has visited six countries so far.
Patrick is a tennis player. He began playing tennis when he was 10 years old. This year he won the national championship again - for the fourth time.
…the national championship four times. (win)
Правило: повторения в прошлом до настоящего — present perfect simple.
…since he was ten. (play)
Играл с детства — длительная активность до настоящего момента; здесь лучше present perfect continuous.
Ответ:
- He has won the national championship four times.
- He has been playing since he was ten.
When they left college, Lisa and Sue started making films together. They still make films. They… … films since they left college. (make)
Подчёркнуто продолжающееся действие: present perfect continuous.
…five films since they left college. (make)
Здесь же указывается итог: количество готовых фильмов за время.
Ответ:
- They have been making films since they left college.
- They have made five films since they left college.
Задание 2.2: задай вопросы, используя слова в скобках. Используй Present Perfect Simple (have/has done) или Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been doing).
1 You have a friend who is learning Arabic. You ask: (howlong/learn/Arabic?)
Как спросить: How long have you been learning Arabic?
Итоговая фраза: How long have you been learning Arabic?
2 You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. You ask: (wait / long?)
Как спросить: Have you been waiting long?
3 You see somebody fishing by the river. You ask: (catch / any fish?)
Как спросить: Have you caught any fish?
4 Some friends of yours are having a party next week. You ask: (how many people /invite?)
Как спросить: How many people have you invited?
5 Afriend of yours is a teacher. You ask: (how long / teach?)
Как спросить: How long have you been teaching?
6 You meet somebody who is a writer. You ask: (how many books /write?) … (how long /write / books?) …
Как спросить: How many books have you written? How long have you been writing books?
7 A friend of yours is saving money to go on a world trip. You ask: (how long /save?) … (how much money/ save?)
Как спросить: How long have you been saving? How much money have you saved?
- Задание 2.3: Put the verb into Present Perfect Simple или Present Perfect Continuous.
1 Where have you been? …Have you been playing… (you /play) tennis?
Прямая пара sentence: Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?
2 Look! … (somebody/ break) that window.
Правильно: Look! Somebody has broken that window.
3 You look tired. … (you /work) hard?
Правильно: Have you been working hard?
4 … (you / ever /work) in a factory?' 'No, never.'
Правильно: Have you ever worked in a factory? (ответ: No, never.)
5 Where's Lisa? Where … …(she/go)?
Правильно: Where has she gone?
6 This is a very old book. … (I / have) it since I was a child.
Правильно: This is a very old book. I have had it since I was a child.
7 'Have you been busy?' 'No, … … (I / watch) TV.
Правильно: No, I have been watching TV.
8 My brother is an actor. … … (he / appear) in several films.
Правильно: He has appeared in several films.
9 'Sorry I'm late' 'That's all right. … (I /not/wait) long.
Правильно: No, I have not waited long. (или I haven't waited long.)
- Are you OK? You look as if… … (you / cry).
Правильно: You look as if you have cried.
11 'Is it still raining?" 'No,… …(it/stop).
Правильно: No, it has stopped.
12 The children are tired now. … … (they / play) in the garden.
Правильно: They have been playing in the garden.
13 … … (I / lose) my phone. … … (you /see) it?
Правильно: I have lost my phone. Have you seen it?
14 … … (I / read) the book you lent me, but… … (I / not /finish) it yet. It's really interesting.
Правильно: I have been reading the book you lent me, but I have not finished it yet. It's really interesting.
15 … … (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
Правильно: I have read the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
Если нужно, могу привести эти же ответы в виде компактного конспекта или дать дополнительные примеры употребления Present Perfect Simple vs Continuous.
