say what teacher and pupils have to do and don't have to do during school hours

Ниже приведено детальное решение на тему употребления have to /has to и dont have to /doesn’t have to, адаптировано под 7 класс, английский язык. Цель: понять смысл и уметь строить такие предложения.

1. Кратко о грамматике (что означают have to и don’t have to)

• have to / has to обозначает обязанность, то, что обязательно нужно делать в силу правил, требований и т.д.
• don't have to / doesn't have to означает отсутствие обязанности: что-то не обязательно делать, можно не делать без нарушения правил.
• В настоящем времени:
  • I/you/we/they: have to / don’t have to
  • he/she/it: has to / doesn’t have to
• Отрицания образуются так: do not (don’t) have to / does not (doesn’t) have to
• Вопросы: Do I have to…? Does he/she/it have to…?

2. Примеры для учителя (teacher) и ученика (pupils) 2.1 Учитель (The teacher)

• Have to (обязательно):
  • The teacher has to arrive at school on time.
  • The teacher has to prepare lessons and explain new topics.
  • The teacher has to check homework and give feedback.
  • The teacher has to supervise students during breaks.
  • The teacher has to follow school rules and safety procedures.
  • The teacher has to communicate with parents if needed.
• Don’t have to (не обязательно; не требуется):
  • The teacher doesn’t have to answer personal questions unrelated to the lesson during class.
  • The teacher doesn’t have to grade papers in front of the class; they can collect work and explain later.
  • The teacher doesn’t have to discipline students alone; they can ask the principal or other staff for help (when needed).

2.2 Ученики (pupils)

• Have to (обязательно):
  • Pupils have to attend all their classes.
  • Pupils have to listen to the teacher and take notes.
  • Pupils have to complete assignments on time.
  • Pupils have to raise their hands to speak and wait for a turn.
  • Pupils have to follow classroom rules and be respectful.
  • Pupils have to bring their books and supplies.
• Don’t have to (не обязательно; не требуется):
  • Pupils don’t have to know everything instantly; they can ask questions and learn step by step.
  • Pupils don’t have to memorize every word right away; vocabulary grows over time.
  • Pupils don’t have to stay after school unless they have permission or attend a club or tutoring.

3. Пошаговое объяснение (для лучшего понимания)

• Шаг 1: Определяем, что именно выражается в фразе (обязанность vs отсутствие обязанности).
• Шаг 2: Подбираем форму сказуемого с учетом лица и числа (has to vs have to).
• Шаг 3: Формируем отрицания и вопросительные формы.
• Шаг 4: Применяем к ролям в школе: учитель vs ученик.
• Шаг 5: Приводим примеры в настоящем времени, близком к устной речи школьной жизни.
• Шаг 6: Делаем небольшое упражнение на закрепление.

4. Небольшое упражнение (практика) Заполните пропуски подходящей формой have to / has to / don’t have to / doesn’t have to.

• The teacher ____ arrive at school on time.
• The teacher ____ prepare lessons and explain topics.
• The teacher ____ answer personal questions during class.
• Pupils ____ attend all their classes.
• Pupils ____ listen to the teacher and take notes.
• Pupils ____ memorize every word immediately; they ____ learn gradually.
• The teacher ____ supervise students during breaks.
• Pupils ____ raise their hands to speak.

5. Ответы к упражнению

• The teacher has to arrive at school on time.
• The teacher has to prepare lessons and explain topics.
• The teacher doesn’t have to answer personal questions during class.
• Pupils have to attend all their classes.
• Pupils have to listen to the teacher and take notes.
• Pupils don’t have to memorize every word immediately; they have to learn gradually.
• The teacher has to supervise students during breaks.
• Pupils have to raise their hands to speak.

6. Какие важные моменты запомнить

• have to / has to обозначает обязательность; don’t have to / doesn’t have to обозначают отсутствие обязанности.
• Формы зависят от лица: I/you/we/they have to; he/she/it has to.
• Вопросительная форма: Do I have to? / Does he have to?
• Эти конструкции подходят для описания типовых правил в школе и помогают говорить о том, что обязательно делать, а что можно не делать.

Если хочешь, могу дать ещё несколько упражнений на заполнение пропусков или превратить эти предложения в диалог для практики говорения. Также могу адаптировать примеры под конкретную школу (если есть её правила).