Упражнение I. Ответьте на вопросы на английском 1. Что вы знаете о международном терроризме? 2. Какие террористические группы вы знаете?

Here are concise, exam-style answers in English. 1) What do you know about international terrorism? - International terrorism is politically motivated violence that crosses borders and is carried out by non-state actors or transnational networks to influence a wider audience beyond the immediate victims. - Common motives include political, ideological, or religious aims; tactics include bombings, hijackings, assassinations, kidnappings, and mass shootings. - Key features: transnational networks, propaganda/online recruitment, illicit financing, and attempts to create fear and disruption beyond a single country. - Impacts: civilian casualties, displacement, disrupted economies and governance, regional instability, and challenges for law enforcement and humanitarian response. - Countermeasures: international cooperation (e.g., UN, Interpol), intelligence sharing, border control and security, criminalization and asset freezing, counter-radicalization programs (CVE), and addressing root causes such as poverty, discrimination, and political grievances. 2) Which terrorist groups do you know? - ISIS (Islamic State / ISIL) — transnational jihadist group that sought to establish a caliphate; drastic territorial control in Iraq/Syria at its peak; remains active as an insurgency. - Al-Qaeda — global jihadist network; responsible for the 9/11 attacks; has regional affiliates (e.g., AQAP, AQIM, al-Shabaab). - Boko Haram — Nigeria-based group aiming to impose strict Sharia; infamous for mass kidnappings and attacks; affiliated with ISIS since 2015. - Al-Shabaab — Somalia-based militant group; conducts attacks in Somalia and East Africa; affiliated with al-Qaeda. - Hamas — Palestinian Islamist organization controlling Gaza; designated as a terrorist organization by several countries; conducts rocket attacks and other militant activity. - Hezbollah — Lebanon-based Shia militant group and political actor; designated a terrorist organization by many states; involved in broader regional operations and Syria. - Taliban — Afghan insurgent movement seeking governance under Sharia; designated as terrorist by some countries; regained control of Afghanistan in 2021. - Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) — Pakistan-based group; responsible for attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks; designated by several countries as a terrorist organization. If you’d like, I can tailor these answers to a specific course (e.g., definitions, causes, policy responses) or translate them into Russian.