The first public secondary schools started around the 1830s in the United States. Between 1910 and 1940, their number rapidly (1) _________ when the rise of large corporations and (2) _________ in factories (3) ________ skilled workers. In order to meet this new job (4) _____________ high schools were created, with a (5) ____________ focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue-collar work. This (6) ___________ beneficial for (7) ___________ employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees (8) ___________ higher wages. Secondary education has a longer history in Europe, where grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 6th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or (9) ___________ educational foundations, which themselves date even (10) ____________ back. A B C 1 grew developed received 2 educational foundations advancing technology grammar schools 3 attracted affected required 4 demand affection advance 5 fee-paying curriculum benefit 6 dated lowered proved 7 either both neither 8 required affected received 9 charitable free-paying beneficial 10 longer further farther 2. Grammar. Decide which answer best fits each gap. Dear Boris, I’m sorry I (1) ________ to you for so long, but I (2) ________ very busy lately. All this month I (3) ________ exams, and I (4) ________ doing anything else but studying for ages. Anyway, I (5)__________ all the exams and (6) ________ a student now and happy to study at the university of my dreams! As you can see from the letter, I (7) _________ my address and now I (8) ________ in St. Petersburg, one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There (9) _________ so many interesting places to see! Visit me in summer. I’ll stay here until the middle of July. Write soon and tell me all about what you (10) ________ recently. Best wishes, Alexander

Ниже приведено подробное решение задач по грамматике и лексике на английском языке. Я объясняю выбор каждого варианта и даю краткие грамматические пояснения. Часть 1. Упражнение с пропусками A B C Текст: The first public secondary schools started around the 1830s in the United States. Between 1910 and 1940, their number rapidly (1) _________ when the rise of large corporations and (2) _________ in factories (3) ________ skilled workers. In order to meet this new job (4) _____________ high schools were created, with a (5) ____________ focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue-collar work. This (6) ___________ beneficial for (7) ___________ employers and employees, since the improved human capital lowered costs for the employer, while skilled employees (8) ___________ higher wages. Secondary education has a longer history in Europe, where grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 6th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or (9) ___________ educational foundations, which themselves date even (10) ____________ back. Ответы (с пояснениями): 1) grew - Нормальная формула: "their number grew rapidly" = их число быстро росло. Это простое прошедшее время. 2) advancing technology - Сочетание "advancing technology" образует существительное + деепричастное прилагательное. В контексте "the rise of large corporations and advancing technology in factories" это естественный оборот: развитие технологий в заводах. 3) attracted - Связано с тем, что развитие технологий в заводах "привлекло квалифицированных рабочих" — глагол в прошедшем времени, согласуется со сказуемым после "and advancing technology...". 4) demand - После "this new job" следует существительное в ед. ч. — "demand" (спрос, потребность). В английском: "to meet this new job demand". 5) curriculum - "with a curriculum focused on practical job skills" — здесь употреблено существительное в ед. ч. со значением "учебный план/курс". Соответствует смыслу. 6) proved - Фраза "This proved beneficial" — устойчивое сочетание: что-то оказалось/доказалось полезным. Подходит к смыслу. 7) both - "beneficial for both employers and employees" — оба стороны, употребляется с both. 8) received - "skilled employees received higher wages" — глагол в прошедшем времени, означает, что работники получили более высокую оплату. Совместимо со временем рассказывания. 9) charitable - "charitable educational foundations" — корректное сочетание; означает благотворительные образовательные основы. 10) longer - "date even longer back" — правильная форма: "even longer back" (ещё дольше назад). По смыслу подходит. Кратко итог: 1 grew, 2 advancing technology, 3 attracted, 4 demand, 5 curriculum, 6 proved, 7 both, 8 received, 9 charitable, 10 longer. Часть 2. Grammar. Закончи пропуски в письме Текст письма: Dear Boris, I’m sorry I (1) ________ to you for so long, but I (2) ________ very busy lately. All this month I (3) ________ exams, and I (4) ________ doing anything else but studying for ages. Anyway, I (5)__________ all the exams and (6) ________ a student now and happy to study at the university of my dreams! As you can see from the letter, I (7) _______ my address and now I (8) ________ in St. Petersburg, one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There (9) _________ so many interesting places to see! Visit me in summer. I’ll stay here until the middle of July. Write soon and tell me what you (10) ________ recently. Best wishes, Alexander Ответы с объяснениями: 1) haven't written - Правильно: "I'm sorry I haven't written to you" — Present Perfect отрицательная форма; подчеркивает, что письмо не написано до настоящего момента. 2) have been - "but I have been very busy lately" — Present Perfect Progressive, чтобы подчеркнуть длительность состояния. 3) have been taking - "All this month I have been taking exams" — продолжающееся действие в настоящем идеальном времени; подчеркивает процесс сдачи экзаменов. 4) haven't been - "and I haven't been doing anything else but studying" — отрицательное продолженное действие; указывает на то, что кроме учёбы ничего не делал(а). 5) have passed - "Anyway, I have passed all the exams" — совершенное действие в настоящем идеальном времени; завершено к настоящему моменту. 6) am - "and am a student now" — простое настоящее; состояние на данный момент времени. 7) have changed - "As you can see from the letter, I have changed my address" — Present Perfect, чтобы указать на изменение адреса, которое имеет актуальное значение. 8) live - "and now I live in St. Petersburg" — простое настоящее; описание текущего положения. 9) are - "There are so many interesting places to see" — обычное предложение в настоящем времени. 10) have been doing - "what you have been doing recently" — Present Perfect Progressive; подчеркивает продолжительность действия в недавнем прошлом. Сверстанная версия письма с заполненными пропусками: Dear Boris, I’m sorry I haven’t written to you for so long, but I have been very busy lately. All this month I have been taking exams, and I haven’t been doing anything else but studying for ages. Anyway, I have passed all the exams and am a student now and happy to study at the university of my dreams! As you can see from the letter, I have changed my address and now I live in St. Petersburg, one of the most beautiful cities in the world. There are so many interesting places to see! Visit me in summer. I’ll stay here until the middle of July. Write soon and tell me what you have been doing recently. Best wishes, Alexander Если нужна дополнительная помощь с другой частью задания или с правилами времени в английском, могу пояснить подробнее.