Exercise 13. Insert some, any, no, every or their derived forms. 1. Can I have... milk? Yes, you can have ... 2. Will you have ... tea? 3. Give me ... books, please. I have ... to…
Exercise 13. Insert some, any, no, every or their derived forms. 1. Can I have... milk? Yes, you can have ... 2. Will you have ... tea? 3. Give me ... books, please. I have ... to read at home. 4. Put ... sugar in her tea: she does not like sweet tea. 5. Is ... the matter with you? Has ... offended you? I see by your face that ... has happened. 6.We did not see ... in the hall. 7. ... was present at the lesson yesterday. 8. He is busy. He has ... time to go to the cinema with us. 9. Do you need ... books to prepare for your report? 10. Have you ... questions? Ask me ... you like. I shall try to answer ... question. 11. ... liked that play: it was very dull. 12. If ... is ready, we shall begin our experiment. Exercise 14. Insert some, any, no, every or their derived forms. 1. Can ... see? No ... people can't see ... people are blind. Blind people can't see. They can't see ... they can see... 2. Can... hear? No, ... people can't hear ... people are deaf. People who are quite deaf can't hear. They can't hear ..., they can't hear ... They can hear ... they can hear .... 3. Can we see...? No, we can't see ... We cannot see the air. ... can see the air. 4. We can't walk without legs and feet. People without legs and feet can't walk. They can't walk .... They can walk ... 5. Can you see ... in an empty box? No, I can't see ... in an empty box. I can see ... in an empty box. Why not? Because there is ... in an empty box. There isn't ... in an empty box. What is an empty box? An empty box is a box that has ... in it. An empty box is a box without... in it. An empty room is a room without ... in it.
Ниже подробное решение задач Exercise 13 и Exercise 14. Я даю заполненные варианты и короткие пояснения, почему выбран тот или иной вариант (использую some/any/no/every и их производные: someone/anyone/no one, something/anything, nothing, everything и т.д.).
Exercise 13. Insert some, any, no, every or their derived forms.
- Can I have some milk? Yes, you can have some.
- milk — неисчисляемое; в утвердительных и вопросов контекстах часто используется some.
- Will you have any tea?
- вопрос о количестве; в подобных случаях чаще всего употребляют any.
- Give me some books, please. I have some to read at home.
- для просьбы/прибавления некой неопределённой массы/количества (countable nouns) — some; во второй части тоже означает «у меня есть какие‑то (книги) для чтения».
- Put some sugar in her tea: she does not like sweet tea.
- несёт пожелание/поручение с неопределённой порцией — some.
- Is something the matter with you? Has anyone offended you? I see by your face that something has happened.
- производные формы от some/any: something, anyone.
- We did not see anyone in the hall.
- производная форма от any: anyone.
- No one was present at the lesson yesterday.
- «no one» — производная форма от no.
- He is busy. He has no time to go to the cinema with us.
- «no» применимо к неисчисляемым/отрицанию количества: no time.
- Do you need some books to prepare for your report?
- здесь «some» подходит для просьбы/предложения.
- Have you any questions? Ask me any you like. I shall try to answer any question.
- сначала «any» (вопрос/пользовательская неопределённость) и затем «any» и «any question» как производные от any/every.
- No one liked that play: it was very dull.
- «no one» — производная форма от no; здесь отрицательное резюме.
- If anyone is ready, we shall begin our experiment.
- «anyone» — производная от any.
Коротко по принципам:
- some — в утвердительных предложениях и в предложение-ответах, где речь идёт о некотором количестве/количестве;
- any — в вопросах и в отрицаниях, а также в предложениях с неопределённостью;
- no/none/no one — отрицание, «никто»;
- производные формы (someone/anyone/no one, something/anything, anywhere/everywhere и т. п.) уместны, когда речь идёт о неопределённых предметах/людях или местах.
Exercise 14. Insert some, any, no, every or their derived forms.
- Can anyone see? No one can see; people are blind. Blind people can't see. They can't see anything; they can see everything.
- любые производные от any/every: anyone, no one; слова anything/everything.
- Can anyone hear? No, some people can't hear; some people are deaf. People who are quite deaf can't hear. They can't hear anything, they can't hear everything. They can hear something, they can hear nothing.
- набор здесь демонстрирует anything, nothing, something, everything; а также some/any.
- Can we see anything? No, we can't see anything. We cannot see the air. No one can see the air. They can see the air.
- здесь используются anything, no one (от no) и can see the air (упоминание «air»).
- We can't walk without legs and feet. People without legs and feet can't walk. They can't walk anywhere. They can walk everywhere.
- anywhere и everywhere — производные от any/every.
- Can you see anything in an empty box? No, I can't see anything in an empty box. I can see something in an empty box. Why not? Because there is nothing in an empty box. There isn't anything in an empty box.
- anything, nothing, something — набор разных форм от any/every/none.
- An empty box is a box that has nothing in it.
- nothing — производная от no.
- An empty box is a box without anything in it.
- anything — производная от any.
- An empty room is a room without anything in it.
- again anything.
Пояснения по Exercise 14:
- any/anyone/anything/anything можно расширять до места/предмета/людей с помощью производных форм (anyone, anything, anywhere и т.д.);
- nothing и something — распространённые пары из отрицания/no и положительного/нейтрального значения;
- everywhere/everyone/anything — примеры производных форм от every/any.
Если хочешь, могу привести еще альтернативные варианты заполнения там, где это возможно (например, в некоторых пунктах можно выбрать и "some" вместо "any" в вопросах в зависимости от оттенка смысла). Также могу привести дополнительные пояснения по каждому пункту и примеры аналогичных задач.
