1. Vocabulary. Decide which answer best fits each gap. Save It In recent years, the number of (1) _____ problems has increased dangerously. For example, the presence of vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases in the lowest layers of the (2) _____ has led to the (3) _____ effect, and made climate warmer in most countries. Global warming is already affecting a number of areas in the world causing unusual weather with (4) _____ or heavy storms. Cutting down on (5) _____ from vehicles would help improve the situation. Natural (6) ______ such as oil and coal are not endless, so using other forms of (7) ______ e.g. wind, sun, water and even sea waves, would help (8) ______ our planet. Very soon we will be able to drive cars in cities and towns that run on electricity – a much cleaner (9) ______ than petrol. And we can also help save natural resources, such as trees and sand, by (10) ______ things made of glass, plastic and paper. A B C 1 environment evironmental polluting 2 atmosphere soil ocean 3 warming damaging greenhouse 4 draughts drafts droughts 5 emissions releases leaks 6 sources resources materials 7 energy fuel resources 8 conserve mitigate preserve 9 fuel substance power 10 reducing recycling conserving 2. Grammar. Decide which answer best fits each gap. In 1984, Union Carbide plant (1) _____ 30 tons of lethal methyl isocyanate gas into the air in Bhopal, India. Thousands of people (2) ______ immediately. Deaths and disabilities (3) _____ long after. A year later, in West Virginia, another Union Carbide plant (4) _______ toxic gas into the atmosphere, resulting in illnesses among town residents. The law (5) _______ companies that (6) ________ hazardous materials to minimise their annual polluting activities. After the law (7) ______, companies (8) _______ a substantial reduction in toxic releases. Oil also polluted land and water sources, the most tragic example of which was the Exxon Valdez. On the night of March 24, 1989, the oil tanker (9) _______ a ground at Bligh Reef, Alaska, spilling eleven million gallons of oil into the fragile environment. While it was not one of the largest spills in the world, it (10) _______ the worst in terms of the damage to the environment.A B C 1 released had released was releasing 2 were dying died had died 3 were continuing had continued had been continuing 4 was emitting had emitted was being emitted 5 was requiring required had required 6 were using had used used 7 had been enacted was enacted enacted 8 were reporting had reported reported 9 was running ran had run 10 was considering considered was considered РЕШИ НОМЕР 1 И 2

Ниже решения для заданий 1 и 2 с пошаговыми объяснениями. 1) Vocabulary (Vocabulary. Decide which answer best fits each gap.) - Глобальные ответы: 1) environmental (B) 2) atmosphere (A) 3) greenhouse (C) 4) droughts (C) 5) emissions (A) 6) resources (B) 7) energy (A) 8) conserve (A) 9) fuel (A) 10) recycling (B) Пояснения по каждому пункту: - (1) «the number of (1) _____ problems»: здесь нужна прилагательная форма к слову «problems». Грамматически правильно: environmental problems. Это значит ответ — прилагательное environmental (B). Другие варианты не подходят: “environment” — существительное, “polluting” — редкая в таком контексте форма. - (2) «in the lowest layers of the (2) _____»: внизу атмосфера, поэтому atmosphere (A). - (3) «the (3) _____ effect»: правильный термин — greenhouse effect. Это C. - (4) «weather with (4) _____ or heavy storms»: обычно встречается “droughts” (засухи) вместе с бурями; C. - (5) «cutting down on (5) _____ from vehicles»: это выбросы — emissions (A). - (6) «Natural (6) ______ such as oil and coal»: речь о природных ресурсах, поэтому resources (B). - (7) «other forms of (7) ______ e.g. wind, sun, water»: речь о формах энергии — energy (A). - (8) «... would help (8) ______ our planet»: наиболее естественно «conserve» (сохранять) — A. - (9) «a much cleaner (9) ______ than petrol»: речь о топлива; здесь лучше всего «fuel» — A. - (10) «by (10) ______ things made of glass, plastic and paper»: правильный глагол — recycling (B). 2) Grammar (Grammar. Decide which answer best fits each gap.) - Глобальные ответы: 1) released (A) 2) died (B) 3) had continued (B) 4) was emitting (A) 5) required (B) 6) used (C) 7) was enacted (B) 8) reported (C) 9) ran (B) 10) was considered (C) Пояснения по каждому пункту: - (1) «In 1984, Union Carbide plant (1) _____ 30 tons …»: простое прошедшее. Правильное: released (A). - (2) «Thousands of people (2) ______ immediately.»: после утечки люди умерли мгновенно — died (B). - (3) «Deaths and disabilities (3) _____ long after.»: к тому моменту и позже они продолжали существовать; чаще всего употребляют в времени past perfect — had continued (B). - (4) «... another Union Carbide plant (4) _______ toxic gas ...»: в момент «a year later» происходило действие в процессе; best choice — was emitting (A) (прошедшее продолженное). - (5) «The law (5) _______ companies …»: закон требовал — required (B). - (6) «... that (6) ________ hazardous materials …»: кто-то «used» hazardous materials — used (C). - (7) «After the law (7) ______, …»: после того как закон был «enacted», то есть был принят; наиболее соответствует — was enacted (B). - (8) «companies (8) _______ a substantial reduction …»: после закона компании сообщили о сокращении — reported (C). - (9) «the oil tanker (9) _______ a ground …»: на рифе он «ran aground» — ran (B). - (10) «it (10) _______ the worst …»: считался худшим — was considered (C). Если нужно, могу привести готовый заполненный текст для обеих частей.