Task 2: Complete the Sentences. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form (Present Perfect or Past Simple). 1. A: How long _(you / live) _ in this city? B: I _(move) here in 2010, so for over 10 years now. 2. A: _(your friend / ever / be) _ to a rainforest? B: No, he _ , but he _(hike) _ in the Alps last summer. 3. The world's population _(reach) 8 billion people recently. 4. The first Earth Day (take place) _ in 1970. It (mark) _ the beginning of the modern environmental movement. 5. I'm sorry, the lecture on conservation (already / start) You are late. Task 3: Find and Correct the Mistakes Each sentence has one mistake with the verb tense. Correct it. 1. I have visited the science museum yesterday. 2. She has bought a new bicycle last week. 3. Did you ever tried scuba diving? 4. They have started a new environmental club two months ago. 5. He lived in this town since he was a child. Task 4: Speaking/Writing Practice (Open Questions) Answer the questions about yourself. Use Present Perfect and Past Simple in your answers. 1. What is the most interesting natural place you have ever visited? When did you go there? 2. Have you ever taken part in an event to help the environment (like planting trees or cleaning a beach)? Describe what you did. 3. What important news about the world around us have you heard recently? When did you hear it?

Отлично, разберём по задачам и дадим понятные объяснения по каждому пункту. Заметка по грамматике (для понимания) - Present Perfect (have/has + V3) обычно употребляется для опыта до现在 или действий, связанные с настоящим временем, часто с наречиями recently, ever, for, since, lately. - Past Simple (V2/ed) — для действий, которые произошли в конкретный момент в прошлом (часто с указанием времени: in 2010, yesterday, last week и т. п.). - При открытых вопросах с ever/never используем Present Perfect (Has your friend ever…?). - Для предложений с временными указаниями типа yesterday, last year, two months ago — Past Simple. Task 2. Completing sentences (Present Perfect or Past Simple) 1) A: How long _(you / live) _ in this city? B: I _(move) here in 2010, so for over 10 years now. Правильное заполнение: A: How long have you lived in this city? B: I moved here in 2010, so I have lived here for over 10 years. Объяснение: длительность до настоящего времени — Present Perfect; конкретное прошлое — Past Simple. 2) A: _(your friend / ever / be) _ to a rainforest? B: No, he _ , but he _(hike) _ in the Alps last summer. Правильное заполнение: A: Has your friend ever been to a rainforest? B: No, he hasn't, but he hiked in the Alps last summer. Объяснение: вопросы о опыте — ever с Present Perfect; последний поход — Past Simple (hiked). 3) The world's population _(reach) 8 billion people recently. Правильное заполнение: The world's population has reached 8 billion people recently. Объяснение: действие завершено в недавнее время, результат актуален — Present Perfect; recently указывает на период близкий к настоящему. 4) The first Earth Day (take place) _ in 1970. It (mark) _ the beginning of the modern environmental movement. Правильное заполнение: The first Earth Day took place in 1970. It marked the beginning of the modern environmental movement. Объяснение: факт в прошлом — Past Simple. 5) I'm sorry, the lecture on conservation (already / start) You are late. Правильное заполнение: I'm sorry, the lecture on conservation has already started. You are late. Объяснение: действие началось до момента говорения — Present Perfect. Task 3. Find and Correct the Mistakes (one tense error per sentence) 1) I have visited the science museum yesterday. Исправление: I visited the science museum yesterday. Объяснение: yesterday — конкретное прошлое, поэтому Past Simple. 2) She has bought a new bicycle last week. Исправление: She bought a new bicycle last week. Объяснение: указано конкретное прошлое время (last week) — Past Simple. 3) Did you ever tried scuba diving? Исправление: Did you ever try scuba diving? Объяснение: после вспомогательного глагола Did используется базовая форма глагола. 4) They have started a new environmental club two months ago. Исправление: They started a new environmental club two months ago. Объяснение: два месяца назад — конкретное прошлое — Past Simple. 5) He lived in this town since he was a child. Исправление: He has lived in this town since he was a child. Объяснение: since + деят. времени требует Present Perfect, так как речь идёт о состоянии, которое продолжается до настоящего момента. Task 4. Speaking/Writing Practice (Open Questions) Примеры ответов (используйте Present Perfect и Past Simple) 1) What is the most interesting natural place you have ever visited? When did you go there? - Пример ответа: The most interesting natural place I have ever visited is the Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia. I went there in 2019. Объяснение: Present Perfect для опыта до настоящего; Past Simple для конкретной поездки. 2) Have you ever taken part in an event to help the environment (like planting trees or cleaning a beach)? Describe what you did. - Пример ответа: Yes, I have taken part in a beach clean-up once. Last summer I helped collect plastic rubbish, separated recyclables, and planted a few native trees in a local park with a community group. Объяснение: Present Perfect для опыта; Past Simple для конкретной акции и её деталей. 3) What important news about the world around us have you heard recently? When did you hear it? - Пример ответа: I have heard about a major climate report released recently. I heard it yesterday on the evening news. Объяснение: Present Perfect для новости, связанной с настоящим знанием; Past Simple для времени, когда вы узнали об этом. Если хочешь, могу привести ещё больше вариантов ответов под твой стиль речи или написать готовые варианты под твой уровень языка. Можешь прислать свои версии ответов на Task 4, и я их поправлю.