History of the microchip The first microchip 19.___________(PRODUCE) in 1974, and two men are credited with having the original idea. In 1958, engineer Jack Kilby had joined a company called Texas Instruments. Because he hadn't accrued as much holiday time as his colleagues, he found himself alone in the lab with time on his hands. It was then that he conjured up the idea for what 20.___________(BECOME) the microchip in the future. But in California, another man had a similar idea. In January of 1959, Robert Noyce conceived the idea for a whole circuit which could be made on a single chip. In 1961, the patent office 21.___________(AWARD) the first patent for an integrated circuit to Robert Noyce while Kilby's application was still being analysed. But both men are now acknowledged as having independently conceived the original idea. Russian scientists deploy giant telescope beneath Lake Baikal The telescope, Baikal-GVD, is designed to search for neutrinos, which are nearly massless subatomic particles with no electrical charge. Neutrinos are everywhere, but they interact so weakly with the forces around them that it is challenging to detect. That's why now scientists 22.___________(LOOK) under Lake Baikal, which is the deepest lake on Earth. Scientists deployed the detector on the 13th of March, 2021. According to 23.___________(THEY), the result 24.___________(BE) available quite soon.

Ниже заполнены пропуски и объяснения к каждому шагу. Так как цели — “Понять” и параметров по предмету/классу не указано, даю понятное объяснение на общем школьном уровне. 1) 19. produced - Почему: здесь используется причастие прошедшего времени в сокращенном придаточном определении: “The first microchip produced in 1974” = «первый микрочип, созданный/изготовленный в 1974 году». Обычно сокращённая конструкция: существительное + причастие прошедшего времени без вспомогательного глагола. - Альтернатива с полным предложением: “The first microchip was produced in 1974,” но в тексте часто встречается именно сокращённая форма. 2) 20. would become - Почему: речь о том, что изобретение со временем превратится во что-то более известное как «the microchip» в будущем. В прошлом рассказчик говорит о будущем с точки зрения прошлого; для передачи этого смысла употребляют would + инфинитив. - Грамматика: what would become the microchip = то, чем впоследствии стало изделие. 3) 21. awarded - Почему: простое прошедшее время активного залога: “the patent office awarded the first patent” (патентное ведомство выдало первый патент). Учитывается контекст, что действие произошло в прошлом и не требует вспомогательного глагола здесь. 4) 22. are looking - Почему: настоящее продолженное время (are looking) для описания текущего действия в настоящем времени: “now scientists are looking under Lake Baikal” — сейчас учёные ищут под Байкалом. - Альтернатива: можно было бы сказать “scientists look” в простом настоящем, но контекст указывает на процесс, происходящий сейчас. 5) 23. them - Почему: после выражения “According to …” обычно ставят объектное местоимение: “According to them” — “По их данным/по их словам”. Препозиционная фраза требует местоимения в объектной форме. - Обратите внимание: в подсказке стоит (THEY), что может ввести в заблуждение, но корректно здесь именно “them” (не THEY). 6) 24. will be - Почему: будущее простое after “the result” в конструкции “the result will be available quite soon.” Это обычная форма для предсказания в ближайшем будущем. Итоговая версия заполненного текста (для наглядности): The first microchip produced in 1974, and two men are credited with having the original idea. In 1958, engineer Jack Kilby had joined a company called Texas Instruments. Because he hadn't accrued as much holiday time as his colleagues, he found himself alone in the lab with time on his hands. It was then that he conjured up the idea for what would become the microchip in the future. But in California, another man had a similar idea. In January of 1959, Robert Noyce conceived the idea for a whole circuit which could be made on a single chip. In 1961, the patent office awarded the first patent for an integrated circuit to Robert Noyce while Kilby's application was still being analysed. But both men are now acknowledged as having independently conceived the original idea. Russian scientists deploy giant telescope beneath Lake Baikal The telescope, Baikal-GVD, is designed to search for neutrinos, which are nearly massless subatomic particles with no electrical charge. Neutrinos are everywhere, but they interact so weakly with the forces around them that it is challenging to detect. That's why now scientists are looking under Lake Baikal, which is the deepest lake on Earth. Scientists deployed the detector on the 13th of March, 2021. According to them, the result will be available quite soon.