-1' OR 5*5=25 or '0GhXrEYQ'='

That string looks like an SQL injection payload. It’s designed to tamper with a query that interpolates user input directly into SQL.

What it’s trying to do (high level):

• The -1' attempts to terminate a string literal in the SQL statement.
• OR 55=25 adds a condition that is true (55 equals 25), so the WHERE clause could become true regardless of the original input.
• The rest (or '0GhXrEYQ'='…) appears to be another attempt to form a tautology, though as written it’s incomplete.

In short, it’s a tautology-based SQL injection attempt: trying to make the WHERE clause evaluate to true so the query returns results or bypasses authentication.

Defensive, exam-relevant points:

• Common patterns you should recognize: tautology (1=1, 5*5=25), OR 'a'='a', and using comments (e.g., --) to swallow the rest of the original query.
• The correct defense is to never interpolate user input into SQL. Use parameterized queries/prepared statements so the input is treated as data, not code.
• Example (safe):
  • Bad (vulnerable): SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '\(u' AND password = '\)p';
  • Good (safe): SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ? AND password = ? (bind parameters via your database library)
• Additional defenses:
  • Use least-privilege database accounts.
  • Disable multi-statement execution if your DB supports it.
  • Validate input against allowlists where possible.
  • Use ORMs or frameworks that automatically parameterize queries.
  • Implement proper error handling and avoid leaking DB error details.
  • Consider a Web Application Firewall and regular vulnerability scanning.

If you want, I can tailor this to a specific language or framework you’re studying (e.g., Python/SQLAlchemy, Java/JDBC, Node.js/pg, etc.) and show safe examples and exam-style questions.