Как понять где предложения В passive voice на английском
Оценка страдательного залога в глаголах
Я рассматриваю страдательный залог, отмечая, что только переходные глаголы обычно подходят для этой структуры. Кажется, что «get injured» имеет оттенок страдательного залога, но, возможно, в этом нет необходимости. Я хочу упомянуть различные формы глагола «be», такие как am/is/are, was/were, be, been и being. Формула обычно выглядит так: be + V3 (причастие прошедшего времени), потенциально с другими вспомогательными глаголами. Кроме того, слово «by» является распространённым, но необязательным.
Кратко: предложение в Passive Voice (страдательном залоге) показывает, что действие направлено на подлежащее. Главный признак — форма глагола to be + V3 (третья форма глагола).
Как определить Passive Voice
- Найди подлежащее — кто или что стоит в начале.
- Спроси: оно выполняет действие или действие выполняют над ним?
- Проверь сказуемое: есть ли форма to be + V3.
Примеры
Tom writes the letter. — Том пишет письмо.
Том сам выполняет действие → Active Voice.The letter is written by Tom. — Письмо написано Томом.
Над письмом выполняют действие → Passive Voice.The window was broken. — Окно разбили.
Окно не разбивает, а с ним что-то сделали → Passive Voice.
Слово by часто указывает на исполнителя действия, но его может не быть:
- The cake was made by Anna.
- The cake was made yesterday.
Формы Passive Voice
| Время | Формула | Пример |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | am/is/are + V3 | The room is cleaned. |
| Past Simple | was/were + V3 | The room was cleaned. |
| Future Simple | will be + V3 | The room will be cleaned. |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + V3 | The room has been cleaned. |
| с модальным глаголом | can/must/should be + V3 | The room must be cleaned. |
Важно: не всякая форма be + слово — Passive Voice.
- The door is closed by John. — Passive: дверь закрывает Джон.
- The door is closed. — может быть Passive или просто описание состояния «дверь закрыта». Смотри на смысл и контекст.
Как преобразовать Active в Passive
Active: People build houses.
- Объект
housesстановится подлежащим. - Сохраняем время:
build→are. - Ставим V3:
built.
Passive: Houses are built by people.
Обсуждение
4 сообщенияВыпиши предложения В passive voice
В тексте есть такие предложения в Passive Voice:
- It is situated in Central Europe.
- Kryvichy, Drigovichi, Radzimichi, Lucichy and Slieverianie were related to the Baltic nations and grouped independent principalities.
- At the beginning of the 20th century Belarus was a backward province of the Russian Empire, called the North-Western Region.
- The Belarussians weren't even regarded as a nation at that time.
- After the revolution in 1917 Belarus was proclaimed the Belarussian Soviet Socialist Republic and soon became the member of the USSR.
- More than a quarter of its area is covered with forests and bushes.
- Large forests are called “pushchas”.
- It is well known by its rare animals — aurochs.
- The largest lake is Naroch, also called the Belarussian Sea.
- The great part of the country lies in the Dnieper basin and the rest is watered by the Western Bug, the Neman and the Western Dvina.
- The breathing of the Baltic Sea is constantly felt here.
- The beauty of the Belarussian nature, the past and the present of the Belarussian people have been celebrated in songs and verses by Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas and by many present-day poets and writers, artists and composers of Belarus.
Признаки Passive Voice: am/is/are/was/were + V3, have/has been + V3.
Найди і випиши предложения В passive voice
По этому тексту предложения с Passive Voice:
The breathing of the Baltic Sea is constantly felt here.
The beauty of the Belarusian nature, the past and the present of the Belarusian people have been celebrated in songs and verses by Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas — the classics of Belarusian poetry — and by many present-day poets and writers, artists and composers of Belarus.
Unique souvenirs made by Belarusian craftsmen are known all over the world.
The main crops cultivated here are potatoes, flor, grain, herbs and vegetables.
The Republic of Belarus is situated in the centre of Europe.
Forests cover 2/5 of Belarus; they are scattered all over the country.
Пассивные формы: is felt, have been celebrated, are known, made, cultivated, is situated, are scattered.
