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Упражнение 11

1. Because the shops have been closed.
2. Because it has already been broadcast many times.
3. Because he has been invited to take part in the sea voyage.
4. Because it has been washed.
5. Because she has been given a wonderful birthday gift.
6. Because an important match has been won.
7. Because it has been sent to me by Ann herself.
8. Because it hasn’t been given any food since yesterday.
9. Because they have been informed about their trip.
10. Because lots of books have been read by her.

Упражнение 12

Предложения с Past Perfect Passive: 1, 3, 4, 6, 8.

1. He said the room had not been painted pink.
2. She had not been allowed to go there.
3. We saw that the table had not been laid.
4. The closing ceremony had not been broadcast by nine o’clock.
5. She said the book had not been devoted to her best friend.

Как это сделать

Present Perfect Passive

Формула:

\[ \text{has/have} + \text{been} + \text{V}_3 \]

• has — с he, she, it;
• have — с I, we, you, they и существительными во множественном числе.

Например:

• She has been given — ей подарили;
• They have been informed — их проинформировали.

В 10-м предложении подлежащее меняется: не «она прочитала книги», а «книги были прочитаны ею»:

Lots of books have been read by her.

Past Perfect Passive

Формула:

\[ \text{had} + \text{been} + \text{V}_3 \]

Чтобы сделать отрицание, ставим not после had:

\[ \text{had not been} + \text{V}_3 \]

Например:

had been painted → had not been painted

В предложениях 2, 5 и 7 используется Present Perfect Passive (has/have been), поэтому их в упражнение 12 не включаем.