Краткий ответ:
\[ \begin{aligned} &A4:\ 1; \qquad A5:\ -1; \qquad A6:\ -\sqrt3;\\ &A7:\ 0; \qquad A8:\ -4; \qquad A9:\ \frac{\sqrt2}{2};\\ &A10:\ 0; \qquad A11:\ \sqrt2; \qquad A12:\ -2; \qquad A13:\ -1. \end{aligned} \]
Используем основные значения обратных тригонометрических функций; углы измеряются в радианах.
A4
\[ \arccos(-1)=\pi,\qquad \arccos 0=\frac{\pi}{2}. \] \[ \cos\left(3\pi+2\cdot\frac{\pi}{2}\right) =\cos 4\pi=1. \]
A5
\[ \arcsin(-0{,}5)=-\frac{\pi}{6},\qquad \arccos(-0{,}5)=\frac{2\pi}{3}. \] \[ \cos\left(2\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)-\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) =\cos(-\pi)=-1. \]
A6
\[ \arcsin(-1)=-\frac{\pi}{2},\qquad \arcsin\frac{\sqrt2}{2}=\frac{\pi}{4}. \] \[ \sqrt3\tg\left(4\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)+3\cdot\frac{\pi}{4}\right) =\sqrt3\tg\left(-\frac{5\pi}{4}\right) =\sqrt3\cdot(-1)=-\sqrt3. \]
A7
\[ \arctg(-1)=-\frac{\pi}{4},\qquad \arcsin\left(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)=-\frac{\pi}{4}. \] \[ \frac1{\sqrt3}\ctg\left(3\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{4}\right) -\left(-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right) =\frac1{\sqrt3}\ctg\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=0. \]
A8
\[ \arcsin 0=0,\qquad \arcsin\left(-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)=-\frac{\pi}{3}. \] \[ 4\cos\left(5\cdot0+3\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right) =4\cos(-\pi)=-4. \]
A9
\[ \arctg(-\sqrt3)=-\frac{\pi}{3}. \] \[ \sqrt2\cos\left(2\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) -\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right) =\sqrt2\cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) =\frac{\sqrt2}{2}. \]
A10
\[ \arctg\left(-\frac1{\sqrt3}\right)=-\frac{\pi}{6}, \qquad \arcctg\left(-\frac1{\sqrt3}\right)=\frac{2\pi}{3}. \] \[ \sqrt3\cos\left(3\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right) -3\cdot\frac{2\pi}{3}\right) =\sqrt3\cos\left(-\frac{5\pi}{2}\right)=0. \]
A11
\[ \arccos\left(-\frac12\right)=\frac{2\pi}{3}, \qquad \arccos\left(-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)=\frac{5\pi}{6}. \] \[ \sqrt2\sin\left(2\cdot\frac{2\pi}{3}-\frac{5\pi}{6}\right) =\sqrt2\sin\frac{\pi}{2}=\sqrt2. \]
A12
\[ \arctg 1=\frac{\pi}{4},\qquad \arcctg(-1)=\frac{3\pi}{4}. \] \[ 2\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{3\pi}{4}\right) =2\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{2}\right)=-2. \]
A13
\[ \arcsin\left(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)=-\frac{\pi}{4}, \qquad \arcsin\frac{\sqrt3}{2}=\frac{\pi}{3}. \] \[ 2\sin\left(2\cdot\left(-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)+\frac{\pi}{3}\right) =2\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=-1. \]
