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Краткий ответ:

1. workpiece
2. chuck
3. spindle
4. rotational speed
5. cutting tool
6. chip
7. tolerance
8. feed rate
9. cutting depth

Заполненный текст:

In the turning process, the operator first fixes the workpiece in the chuck so that it rotates steadily.
The main rotating part of the lathe, the spindle, drives this rotation at a specific rotational speed to ensure efficient material removal.
A cutting tool is selected depending on the material and required surface finish; its geometry affects the shape of the chip produced during cutting.
To control the quality of the part, the technician checks the dimensional tolerance and ensures that the feed rate and cutting depth are within the specified limits.

Как определить слова:

• Заготовку закрепляют в патроне: workpiece — chuck.
• Главная вращающаяся часть станка — шпиндель: spindle; его параметр — rotational speed.
• Материал режет cutting tool, образуя chip — стружку.
• Допустимое отклонение размера — tolerance; режимы обработки — feed rate и cutting depth.