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Короткий ответ — можно сказать так:

In the afternoon, the classroom was untidy. The teacher’s desk was in the middle of the room. A book and a cup were on the desk. The board was on the wall behind it. The fan was on the floor in front of the teacher’s desk. A cat was next to the cupboard. A school bag was under one of the desks. Some chairs were on the floor near the desks, and there were papers and pencils on the floor.

Как строить такие предложения

1. В образце используется past simple: говорим, где предметы находились днём.

   • was — если предмет один: The fan was…, A cat was…
   • were — если предметов несколько: The chairs were…, A book and a cup were…

2. Схема: In the afternoon, + предмет + was/were + предлог места.

   • The fan was on the floor.
   • The chairs were under the desks.

3. Если говорим, что что-то было/находилось, удобно использовать:

   • There was + один предмет: There was a cat next to the cupboard.
   • There were + несколько предметов: There were papers on the floor.

4. Предлоги места:

   • on — на
   • in — в
   • under — под
   • next to — рядом с
   • behind — за
   • in front of — перед
   • in the middle of — посередине

Проверка

• The fan — один предмет → was.
• A book and a cup — два предмета → were.
• Some chairs / papers / pencils — множественное число → were.
• Места предметов указаны по картинке: вентилятор на полу перед столом учителя, кот у шкафа, рюкзак под столом.