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Краткий ответ

10.1

1. He has been reading for two hours. He has read 53 pages so far.
2. She has been travelling for three months. She has visited six countries so far.
3. He has won the national championship four times. He has been playing tennis since he was ten.
4. They have been making films since they left college. They have made five films since they left college.

10.2

2. Have you been waiting long?
3. Have you caught any fish?
4. How many people have you invited?
5. How long have you been teaching?
6. How many books have you written?
   How long have you been writing books?
7. How long have you been saving?
   How much money have you saved?

10.3

1. Have you been playing
2. has broken
3. Have you been working
4. Have you ever worked
5. has she gone
6. I’ve had
7. I’ve been watching
8. He has appeared
9. I haven’t been waiting long
10. you’ve been crying
11. it has stopped
12. They’ve been playing
13. I’ve lost; Have you seen
14. I’ve been reading; I haven’t finished
15. I’ve read

Как выбирать время

Present Perfect Simple — важен результат, факт, количество, законченное действие:

• He has read 53 pages. — он прочитал 53 страницы, это результат.
• She has visited six countries. — шесть стран уже посещены.
• Have you caught any fish? — важен результат: есть улов или нет.

Present Perfect Continuous — важен процесс, его длительность или недавняя активность:

• He has been reading for two hours. — процесс чтения длится два часа.
• How long have you been waiting? — спрашиваем о длительности процесса.
• You’ve been crying. — виден результат недавнего процесса.

Сравните:

• I’ve been reading the book. — читаю, ещё не закончил.
• I’ve read the book. — уже прочитал, могу вернуть.

С глаголами состояния, например have в значении «иметь», обычно используется Simple:
I’ve had this book since I was a child.

Проверка: в 10.1 и 10.2 количество и результат даны в Simple, а длительность и незаконченный процесс — в Continuous. В 10.3 это правило сохраняется.