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3 VOCABULARY Geography and the environment
1 ★ Choose the correct words. 1 Argentina is in the southern hemisphere / latitude. 2 The taiga / steppe in Kazakhstan is a large area of grass with few trees. 3 The USA has borders / canyons with Canada and Mexico. 4 Oil is an important renewable energy / natural resource. 5 Brazil is on the equator / border. 6 Wheat and apples are two agricultural / industrial products. 7 Kazakhstan is on the same border / latitude as Germany. 8 The desert / canyon is deep and has many colourful rock formations.
2 ★★ Match words 1–10 with definitions a–j. 1 population ___ 2 equator ___ 3 taiga ___ 4 border ___ 5 latitude ___ 6 renewable ___ 7 agriculture ___ 8 desert ___ 9 hemisphere ___ 10 natural resource ___
a a type of forest found in northern latitudes b can be replaced c half of the earth above or below the equator d line which separates countries or regions e the imaginary line around the middle of the earth f the science and practice of farming g people who are members of a country h land, energy source, mineral or forest that can be used by people i a waterless area of land with little or no vegetation j the distance north or south from the equator
3 ★★ Complete the text with the words in the box. [Box:] renewable energy agricultural border latitude hemisphere natural resources
The UK The UK (United Kingdom) is made up of four nations: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. There is just one land 1 ___ between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The UK is in the northern 2 ___ and is on the same 3 ___ as southern Kazakhstan and Canada. About 70% of land in the UK is used for 4 ___ purposes and the main crops are wheat, barley and potatoes. 5 ___ include oil and gas in the North Sea, though about two thirds of these have already been extracted. In terms of 6 ___, wind turbines and solar energy are the most significant sources, and wave power is currently being developed. [Рисунок: карта Соединённого Королевства и Республики Ирландия; справа внизу легенда: UNITED KINGDOM, REPUBLIC OF IRELAND]
Кратко
- 1 hemisphere; 2 steppe; 3 borders; 4 natural resource; 5 equator; 6 agricultural; 7 latitude; 8 canyon.
- 1 — g, 2 — e, 3 — a, 4 — d, 5 — j, 6 — b, 7 — f, 8 — i, 9 — c, 10 — h.
- 1 border; 2 hemisphere; 3 latitude; 4 agricultural; 5 natural resources; 6 renewable energy.
Как рассуждать
В задании 1 нужно выбрать слово, которое подходит по смыслу и сочетается с соседними словами:
- Argentina is in the southern hemisphere — Аргентина в Южном полушарии, а не «на широте».
- The steppe in Kazakhstan is a large area of grass with few trees — степь это трава и мало деревьев; taiga — лес.
- The USA has borders with Canada and Mexico — границы с другими странами, а не каньоны.
- Oil is an important natural resource — нефть невозобновляемая, поэтому не renewable energy.
- Brazil is on the equator — Бразилию пересекает экватор.
- Wheat and apples are two agricultural products — пшеница и яблоки сельскохозяйственные, не промышленные.
- Kazakhstan is on the same latitude as Germany — на одной широте, но не имеет общей границы.
- The canyon is deep and has many colourful rock formations — глубокий каньон с цветными скалами; пустыня сюда не подходит.
В задании 2 ищем ключевые слова в определениях:
- population — people;
- equator — imaginary line around the middle of the earth;
- taiga — forest in northern latitudes;
- border — line which separates countries or regions;
- latitude — distance north or south from the equator;
- renewable — can be replaced;
- agriculture — farming;
- desert — waterless area;
- hemisphere — half of the earth;
- natural resource — land, energy source, mineral or forest used by people.
В задании 3 подставляем слова по контексту:
- land border — сухопутная граница;
- northern hemisphere — Северное полушарие;
- same latitude — та же широта;
- agricultural purposes — сельскохозяйственные цели;
- natural resources include oil and gas — природные ресурсы включают нефть и газ;
- In terms of renewable energy — что касается возобновляемой энергии.
Проверка
Подставь слова в текст: «one land border», «northern hemisphere», «same latitude», «agricultural purposes», «natural resources include oil and gas», «In terms of renewable energy» — все словосочетания звучат правильно. В первом задании тоже подставляй выбранное слово целиком: «Argentina is in the southern hemisphere», «The steppe is a large area of grass», «The USA has borders with Canada and Mexico» — смысл сохраняется.
