Краткий ответ
1. Past Simple Affirmative — правильные глаголы (V + ed)
- I played football with my friends yesterday.
- She watched an interesting film last weekend.
2. Past Simple Affirmative — неправильные глаголы (V2)
- We went to the cinema on Saturday.
- He bought a new bike last month.
3. Past Simple Negative — didn't + V1
- I didn't do my homework yesterday.
- They didn't visit their grandmother last week.
4. Past Simple Interrogative — Did ... ?
- Did you play chess yesterday?
- Did she cook dinner last night?
5. Wh-questions — Wh + did + S + V1
- Where did you go last summer?
- What did he eat for breakfast?
6. was / were
- I was at school yesterday.
- They were very tired after the trip.
Ключевые шаги и правила
Утверждение. Смысловой глагол сам показывает прошедшее время: правильный — добавляем -ed (play → played), неправильный — берём вторую форму из таблицы (go → went, buy → bought).
Отрицание. Появляется помощник did not = didn't, и он уже «забирает» прошедшее время себе. Поэтому смысловой глагол возвращается в начальную форму: \[ \text{S} + \text{didn't} + V_1 \] Сравни: She watched → She didn't watch (не «didn't watched»).
Вопрос. Помощник Did выходит на первое место, глагол снова в V1: \[ \text{Did} + \text{S} + V_1\,? \] Порядок слов меняется, а окончание -ed исчезает: Did you play?
Wh-вопрос. Вопросительное слово ставим перед did: \[ \text{Wh} + \text{did} + \text{S} + V_1\,? \] Схема та же, просто впереди where, what, when, why, who, how.
was / were — это формы глагола be в прошедшем времени. Они работают без did:
- was: I, he, she, it;
- were: you, we, they. \[ \text{S} + \text{was/were} \] Отрицание — wasn't / weren't, вопрос — Was he...? Were they...?
Проверка
- В утверждениях есть V2 или -ed ✅
- В отрицаниях и вопросах после did/didn't стоят только начальные формы: do, visit, play, cook, go, eat ✅
- Where did you go? — не «Where did you went?» ✅
- I was, they were — согласование подлежащего и формы be ✅