сделайте пересказ текста по плану
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Animals in the Air Can you believe that the history of a hot-air balloon began with a sheep, a duck and a chicken?
[Рисунок: воздушный шар с корзиной, в которой находятся животные.]
One day in 1777, Joseph Montgolfier was relaxing in front of the fire with his laundry drying nearby. After a while, he noticed that one of his shirts had started to float upwards. The young man was curious about what was happening, so he threw some small pieces of paper into the fireplace to see if the same thing happened to them. When he saw them coming out of the chimney, he came to the conclusion that smoke had the power to lift things up and carry them through the air. Joseph loved science and wanted to become an inventor, so he started trying to think of a craft that would be able to capture smoke and heat and lift people off the ground. Along with his brother, Jacques, he began performing experiments on something that later became the first hot-air balloon.
The Montgolfier brothers quickly realised that it was heat and not smoke that had the power to lift things. On 19th September 1783, they presented their first hot-air balloon which was made from paper and cloth. They burned some straw underneath it and the heat caused the balloon to float. As this was its first trip, the Montgolfier brothers were too nervous to go up in the balloon themselves. So, instead they put a sheep, a duck and a chicken in the basket that hung below the balloon for the two-mile journey.
The new invention was a great success and the animals landed safe and sound. A huge crowd, including some members of the French Royal Family, gathered to watch the balloon floating high in the sky. Shortly afterwards, the brothers asked the king for permission to send men up in the balloon. The king agreed, and the first flight with human passengers took place in Paris on 21st November 1783, with great success. The balloon reached a height of around 150 metres as it floated over the Paris rooftops, starting a long tradition of hot-air ballooning.
8 класс
You are going to give a talk about the first hot-air balloon. Remember to say: • when and where the first flight with animals took place and who organised it; • what animals took part in the flight and why the Montgolfier brothers chose them; • what happened during the flight and what the result was; • when the first flight with human passengers took place and how high the balloon flew.
You have to talk for 1.5–2 minutes. The talk should be 10–12 sentences long. Use the phrases from the text to support your ideas.
Подсказки для подготовки за 1,5 минуты (черновик)
Если нужно быстро набросать план, ученику достаточно записать 4 строчки:
- 19th Sep 1783, Montgolfier brothers, animals: sheep, duck, chicken; they were nervous.
- Two-mile journey, landed safe and sound, big crowd, Royal Family.
- Asked king, got permission for human flight.
- 21st Nov 1783, Paris, 150 metres, started tradition.
Краткий ответ
Готовый пересказ на 12 предложений — примерно на 1,5 минуты:
I’m going to give a short talk about the first hot-air balloon. The first flight with animals took place in France on 19th September 1783 and was organised by the Montgolfier brothers. Their balloon was made from paper and cloth, and they burned straw underneath it to heat the air. Because it was the balloon’s first trip, the brothers were too nervous to go up themselves, so they chose animals instead. They put a sheep, a duck and a chicken in the basket below the balloon. The balloon travelled about two miles and floated high in the sky. A huge crowd, including some members of the French Royal Family, watched the flight. The animals landed safe and sound, so the experiment was a great success. Shortly afterwards, the brothers asked the king for permission to send men up. The king agreed. The first flight with human passengers took place in Paris on 21st November 1783. The balloon reached a height of around 150 metres and started a long tradition of hot-air ballooning.
Как построен пересказ
План — это 4 опоры, и я иду по ним по порядку:
- Когда, где, кто организовал — 2-е предложение: дата, Франция, братья Монгольфье.
- Какие животные и почему — 4–5-е предложения: овца, утка, курица; причина — братья слишком нервничали, чтобы лететь самим.
- Что произошло и результат — 6–8-е предложения: полёт на две мили, толпа, животные приземлились целыми, успех.
- Полёт людей и высота — 9–12-е предложения: разрешение короля, Париж, 21 ноября 1783 года, около 150 метров.
Для похожего задания тоже выписывай 4 пункта плана и на каждый делай 2–3 предложения по схеме: факт → деталь → результат.
Проверка
Я сверил главное: даты — 19 сентября 1783 и 21 ноября 1783; числа — two miles и 150 metres; все 4 пункта плана закрыты. В речи использованы фразы из текста: safe and sound, a huge crowd, asked the king for permission, a long tradition.
Два уточнения по тексту:
- В тексте не назван город первого полёта с животными. Поэтому в пересказе стоит безопасное in France. Исторически это Версаль, но в тексте этого слова нет.
- В тексте не объясняется, почему выбрали именно овцу, утку и курицу. Прямая причина — братья были слишком Nervous. Не добавляй, что эти животные были «легче» или «специально подходили», если нужна опора строго на текст.
Обсуждение
4 сообщенияСделайте по 2 варианту там где очень кратко
Очень краткий пересказ (2-й вариант, по 4 пунктам плана)
The first flight with animals took place in France on 19th September 1783. It was organised by the Montgolfier brothers. They chose a sheep, a duck and a chicken because they were too nervous to fly themselves. The balloon travelled about two miles and the animals landed safe and sound. A huge crowd, including the Royal Family, watched the flight. After the brothers asked the king for permission, the first human flight took place in Paris on 21st November 1783. The balloon reached about 150 metres and started a long tradition of hot-air ballooning.
Это 7 предложений — действительно очень кратко, но все 4 пункта плана закрыты.
Важно для сдачи: в задании требуется 10–12 предложений на 1,5–2 минуты. Этот вариант — сжатый каркас. Чтобы дотянуть до нормы, добавь по одному предложению к каждому пункту:
- Про шар: Their balloon was made from paper and cloth, and they burned straw to heat the air.
- Про животных: The sheep, the duck and the chicken were the first living passengers in history.
- Про полёт: The animals floated high in the sky and the experiment was a great success.
- Про людей: Shortly afterwards, the king gave his permission, and the balloon rose to a height of around 150 metres.
С этими вставками как раз получится 11 предложений — ровно по требованию.
По тексту
Очень кратко, строго по фактам текста (8 предложений)
The first hot-air balloon flight with animals took place in France on 19th September 1783. The Montgolfier brothers made the balloon from paper and cloth and burned straw to heat the air. They were too nervous to fly themselves, so they chose a sheep, a duck and a chicken. The balloon travelled about two miles and the animals landed safe and sound. A huge crowd, including members of the Royal Family, watched the flight, and the experiment was a great success. After that, the brothers asked the king for permission to send men up, and he agreed. The first flight with people took place in Paris on 21st November 1783. The balloon reached about 150 metres and started a long tradition of hot-air ballooning.
Почему это «по тексту»
- Взяты только те факты и выражения, что есть в тексте: paper and cloth, burned straw, too nervous, safe and sound, a huge crowd, asked the king for permission, a long tradition.
- Ничего не добавлено от себя: нет города Версаль (его в тексте нет), нет объяснений, почему выбрали именно этих животных, нет лишних цифр.
- Все 4 пункта плана закрыты: когда и кто → какие животные и почему → результат полёта → полёт людей и высота.
Если нужно сверить формулировки дословно с текстом, пришли фото страницы — поправлю под исходные фразы.
