Сверь числа и знаки с фото.
4 RNE Read the texts and match each text (A–G) with its heading (1–8). You can only use each heading once. There is one extra heading. 1 A little time to relax 2 The right training 3 Well-kept equipment 4 Far and fast 5 Comfortable nights 6 Good housekeeping 7 A tasty bite 8 A clean start to the day
[Таблица: Text | Heading; строки A, B, C, D, E, F, G — ячейки пустые]
A Astronauts working on the giant International Space Station (ISS) live a long way from home. The ISS is situated three hundred and sixty kilometres above the surface of Earth. That may seem an impressive distance but the speed at which astronauts travel through space is even more amazing. Flying through dark, airless space at almost thirty thousand kilometres an hour is hard to imagine. It's fast enough to travel from Earth to the Moon and back in one day!
B Living in zero gravity means there are no nice hot showers in the morning; the water droplets would simply float away. Instead, astronauts use a vacuum hose to wash with. They don't have a sink to wash their hair in, so they use a no-rinse shampoo which you just comb through the hair. After brushing their teeth, there's nowhere to spit out the toothpaste; the astronauts simply swallow it!
C Doing household chores on the ISS is part of an astronaut's daily routine. As dangerous bacteria grow quickly in zero gravity, the astronauts clean the whole station every day, which is about the size of a football pitch! There is one chore they do escape on board, though. There's no washing-up after meals. The astronauts put their dirty dishes into plastic bags and send them back to Earth.
D When it comes to sleeping in space, astronauts just strap themselves into a sleeping bag on the wall. That's to avoid bumping into any computer controls. It's a truly relaxing experience because you don't need a pillow or mattress, so nothing presses against the skin. It's important to cover the eyes, however, to block out the light of the sun, as the sun rises and sets every 45 minutes when you are orbiting Earth.
E When muscles don't have to work against gravity as they do here on Earth, they go soft. So the residents of the ISS spend two hours a day working out. They have all the usual machines you would expect – exercise bikes, rowing machines, treadmills. But the lack of gravity means that heavy weights don't feel heavy at all. Astronauts use specially designed weightlifting equipment to ensure they get a proper workout.
F At mealtimes, astronauts 'post' food packages into a special tray and then strap the tray to their legs. Otherwise, the meal would float away! Salt and pepper come in liquid form. If astronauts seasoned their food in the normal way, the particles could float into air vents or equipment and cause damage. There are ovens to heat up meals, but no fridges in space. Food has to be specially stored to keep it fresh.
G When astronauts aren't doing experiments or repairing equipment, they take time out to do other things, just like the rest of us. Reading books, watching films and sending emails to people back home are all popular activities. But one of their favourite activities is photography; most of all, astronauts like to stare out of the window and take pictures of their real home, Earth!
Краткий ответ
| Text | A | B | C | D | E | F | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heading | 4 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 1 |
Лишний заголовок — 3 Well-kept equipment.
Почему так: ключевые слова каждого текста
- A → 4 Far and fast. В тексте два числа-подсказки: расстояние («three hundred and sixty kilometres above the surface») и скорость («almost thirty thousand kilometres an hour»). Far = далеко, fast = быстро.
- B → 8 A clean start to the day. Речь про утро и гигиену: «no nice hot showers in the morning», «vacuum hose to wash with», «brushing their teeth». A clean start to the day = «чистое начало дня».
- C → 6 Good housekeeping. Прямо said: «household chores», «clean the whole station every day», мытьё посуды. Housekeeping = ведение хозяйства, уборка.
- D → 5 Comfortable nights. Тема — сон: «sleeping bag on the wall», «no pillow or mattress», «truly relaxing». Nights = ночи, сон.
- E → 2 The right training. «spend two hours a day working out», «exercise bikes, rowing machines, treadmills», «proper workout» — это тренировки.
- F → 7 A tasty bite. «At mealtimes», «food packages», «Salt and pepper», «ovens to heat up meals». A bite = перекус, еда.
- G → 1 A little time to relax. «take time out to do other things», «Reading books, watching films» — свободное время, отдых.
Как решать такие задания самому
- Читай заголовок как идею, а не как слово. Заголовки почти никогда не повторяют текст дословно: «Good housekeeping» ↔ «household chores», «A tasty bite» ↔ «mealtimes». Ищи смысловые пары, а не одинаковые слова.
- Иди по текстам, а не по заголовкам. Прочитал абзац — сформулировал для себя тему одним словом (сон, еда, уборка, спорт) — и только потом ищешь заголовок с этой идеей.
- Отмечай использованные заголовки. Каждый идёт только один раз, поэтому вычёркивай его сразу — так к концу останется ровно один лишний.
- Проверяй «ловушки». Заголовок 3 (Well-kept equipment) цепляет слова «repairing equipment» в G и «machines» в E, но это лишь детали, а не главная мысль абзацев. Поэтому он и остаётся лишним.
Проверка
Все семь заголовков разные и употреблены по одному разу; ни один текст не получил заголовок, который лучше подходит к другому. Например, если бы E получил 3, то 2 (The right training) остался бы без пары, хотя «working out» — это именно тренировка. Значит, распределение согласовано.