Выполнить упр.4 и 6
Сверь числа и знаки с фото.
Упр. 4. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
- I bought potatoes yesterday. 2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 3. They are repairing the clock now. 4. They sell milk in this shop. 5. I have translated the whole text. 6. They broke the window last week. 7. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 8. We shall do the work in the evening. 9. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 10. They were playing tennis from four till five. 11. He stole a lot of money from the shop. 12. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 13. At twelve o'clock the workers were loading the trucks. 14. By three o'clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 15. We send our daughter to rest in the south every year. 16. They will show this film on TV. 17. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 18. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. 19. Livingstone explored Central Africa in the 19th century. 20. By the middle of autumn we had planted all the trees. 21. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season. 22. They have forgotten the story. 23. Has anybody explained the rules of the game to you? 24. They haven't brought back my skates. Упр. 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.
- Ее отправили в больницу два дня назад. 2. Вчера нас послали в лабораторию. 3. Это сочинение было написано на прошлой неделе. 4. Эту книгу взяли из библиотеки только вчера. 5. Этих трех студентов спросили два дня тому назад. 6. Вас экзаменовали утром? 7. Эта мышка была поймана ночью. 8. Телеграмму послали поздно вечером, и он получит ее только утром. 9. Эту статью должна прочитать вся группа. 10. Это упражнение можно написать карандашом. 11. Все ваши сочинения будут возвращены на будущей неделе. 12. Это письмо можно написать на одном листе. 13. На этой фабрике делают очень красивые сумки. 14. Письма туда можно посылать только летом, а телеграммы круглый год. 15. Мою подругу каждый год посылают за границу.
Коротко: в Passive Voice схема — be + V3. Время меняется у be, а смысловой глагол стоит в третьей форме. Исполнителя с by обычно опускают, если он неважен.
Упр. 4
- Potatoes were bought yesterday.
- The books will be brought tomorrow.
- The clock is being repaired now.
- Milk is sold in this shop.
- The whole text has been translated.
- The window was broken last week.
- When I came home, the sweets had been eaten.
- The work will be done in the evening.
- This book was written in the 19th century.
- Tennis was being played from four till five.
- A lot of money was stolen from the shop.
- By six o’clock the work had been finished.
- At twelve o’clock the trucks were being loaded by the workers.
- By three o’clock the trucks had been loaded by the workers.
- Our daughter is sent to rest in the south every year.
- This film will be shown on TV.
- A new concert-hall is being built in our street.
- A number of important experiments have been made in this laboratory.
- Central Africa was explored by Livingstone in the 19th century.
- By the middle of autumn all the trees had been planted.
- This play will be staged at the beginning of next season.
- The story has been forgotten.
- Have the rules of the game been explained to you?
- My skates haven’t been brought back.
Упр. 6
- She was sent to hospital two days ago.
- Yesterday we were sent to the laboratory.
- This composition was written last week.
- This book was taken from the library only yesterday.
- These three students were asked two days ago.
- Were you examined in the morning?
- This mouse was caught at night.
- The telegram was sent late in the evening, and he will receive it only in the morning.
- This article must be read by the whole group.
- This exercise can be written in pencil.
- All your compositions will be returned next week.
- This letter can be written on one sheet of paper.
- Very beautiful bags are made at this factory.
- Letters can be sent there only in summer, and telegrams can be sent there all year round.
- My friend is sent abroad every year.
Как рассуждать
Нужно найти объект действия и сделать его подлежащим:
- They sell milk → Milk is sold;
- They broke the window → The window was broken;
- They will show the film → The film will be shown.
Основные схемы:
- Present Simple: am/is/are + V3;
- Past Simple: was/were + V3;
- Future Simple: will be + V3;
- Present Continuous: am/is/are being + V3;
- Past Continuous: was/were being + V3;
- Present Perfect: have/has been + V3;
- Past Perfect: had been + V3;
- с модальными: can/must + be + V3.
Проверка: в № 3 is being repaired — Present Continuous Passive; в № 12 had been finished — Past Perfect Passive; в № 18 have been made — Present Perfect Passive, потому что experiments во множественном числе. В № 23 тоже Have, так как rules — множественное число. В № 2 и 8 используется will, потому что подлежащим в пассиве стали books и work, а не we.
Обсуждение
6 сообщенийА разве by и with не надо? И ещё сказали вопросительные предложения в первом номере не надо делать
Да, by и with нужны, но не автоматически в каждом предложении:
by— если указан исполнитель: The window was broken by Tom.with— если указан инструмент/материал: The letter was written with a pen.- Если исполнителя и инструмента в исходном предложении нет, пассив обычно без них: The window was broken last week.
В нашем списке by уже стоит там, где он нужен:
- 4.13 — …were being loaded by the workers.
- 4.14 — …had been loaded by the workers.
- 4.19 — …was explored by Livingstone…
- 6.9 — …must be read by the whole group.
В 6.10: This exercise can be written in pencil. Это устойчивый вариант; with a pencil тоже грамматически возможно, но in pencil естественнее.
Важно: в 4.12 by six o’clock и в 4.20 by the middle of autumn — это предлог времени «к», а не исполнитель.
По вопросам: в упражнении 4 убираем №23:
23. Have the rules of the game been explained to you?
№24 остаётся, это отрицательное предложение, а не вопрос:
- My skates haven’t been brought back.
В упражнении 6 вопрос №6 (Were you examined in the morning?) оставляем, если указание «не делать вопросы» относится только к первому упражнению. Если запрет общий для обоих упражнений — тогда убираем и 6.6.
Например, в первом номере в первом предложении не надо by ?
Да, в упр. 4, предложение 1:
Potatoes were bought yesterday.
by не нужен. Здесь нет исполнителя: не сказано, кем купили картофель. В пассиве исполнитель опускается, если он неизвестен или неважен.
Было бы иначе, если бы в исходном предложении стояло «картофель был куплен нами»:
Potatoes were bought by us yesterday.
with здесь тоже не нужен: он обозначает инструмент или материал (with a knife, with a pen), а не исполнителя.
Так так написано I bought potatoes
Ты прав: если исходное предложение — I bought potatoes yesterday, то I — исполнитель, и формально пассив будет:
Potatoes were bought by me yesterday.
Но в обычном английском by me опускают: исполнитель-местоимение неважен или очевиден, а фраза с ним звучит громоздко. Поэтому стандартный ответ:
Potatoes were bought yesterday.
with здесь вообще не появится: with указывает на инструмент — with a knife, with a pen, — а не на человека.
Итого: если учитель требует сохранять исполнителя, пиши by me; если нет — правильнее оставить без by. В номерах с by the workers и by Livingstone исполнитель назван и важен, поэтому там by остаётся.
