3 a) Read the text and complete the sentences. 1 Children's work in cotton factories was ..... 2 Chimney sweeps had to be .....
3
Сверь числа и знаки с фото.
2 CHILDREN IN VICTORIAN TIMES
Victoria was the Queen of England from 1837 to 1901. During early Victorian times, children from poor families worked from the age of five to feed themselves and their families. These jobs weren't easy and were often dangerous.
[Рисунок: мальчик-трубочист с щёткой поднимается по дымоходу; ниже — двое детей толкают вагонетку с углём в шахте]
Many children worked as chimney sweeps because they were small and thin. They climbed up narrow chimneys to clean them. Street children or orphans usually did this job.
A lot of children also worked in cotton factories. When the cotton threads broke, children went into the machines to fix them. This was very dangerous.
Other children worked in coal mines. They pushed trucks of coal or they opened and closed doors to let air through tunnels.
The masters were often cruel. Children worked long hours for very low wages. A lot of children had health problems and accidents.
Lord Shaftesbury helped to stop adults from using young children at work. He started free schools for poor children. By the end of Victorian times all children went to school until the age of 10.
3 a) Read the text and complete the sentences. 1 Children's work in cotton factories was ..... 2 Chimney sweeps had to be ..... 3 Children in mines pushed ..... 4 Masters made children work ..... 5 Lord Shaftesbury started .....
b) Explain the words in bold.
3 a) — краткий ответ
- Children's work in cotton factories was very dangerous.
- Chimney sweeps had to be small and thin.
- Children in mines pushed trucks of coal.
- Masters made children work long hours for very low wages.
- Lord Shaftesbury started free schools for poor children.
3 b) — слова, выделенные жирным
- dangerous — опасный (можно получить травму);
- chimney sweeps — трубочисты (те, кто чистил дымоходы);
- orphans — сироты (дети, у которых умерли родители);
- cotton factories — хлопчатобумажные фабрики (там делали нити и ткань из хлопка);
- mines — шахты (места, где добывают уголь);
- tunnels — туннели, подземные проходы;
- masters — хозяева, надзиратели (те, кто распоряжался детьми на работе);
- cruel — жестокий;
- wages — заработная плата, деньги за работу;
- adults — взрослые;
- free schools — бесплатные школы.
Как это получить — принцип работы
Каждое предложение в 3a — это «половинка» настоящего предложения из текста. Порядок действий:
- Найди в своём предложении слово-ориентир: cotton factories, chimney sweeps, mines, masters, Shaftesbury.
- Найди это же слово в тексте и прочитай предложение целиком.
- Возьми из него только ту часть, которая продолжает фразу, — и следи за грамматикой.
Разбор по пунктам:
- 1 → «A lot of children also worked in cotton factories… This was very dangerous». После was нужно прилагательное, поэтому: was very dangerous.
- 2 → «Many children worked as chimney sweeps because they were small and thin». Конструкция had to be + прилагательное: had to be small and thin.
- 3 → «Other children worked in coal mines. They pushed trucks of coal». Значит: pushed trucks of coal.
- 4 → «The masters were often cruel. Children worked long hours for very low wages». Важно: после make идёт инфинитив без to — make somebody do something, поэтому made children work long hours for very low wages.
- 5 → «Lord Shaftesbury… He started free schools for poor children». Значит: started free schools for poor children.
Проверка: подставь ответ обратно и прочитай фразу целиком — она должна быть грамматически правильной и совпадать по смыслу с текстом: «Children's work in cotton factories was very dangerous» — да, так и написано в тексте.
