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[Рисунок: портрет Мари Кюри в овальной рамке]
Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. She was the youngest of five children. Her parents 1) ___ as teachers and they brought her up to love learning. Her mother died in 1877. Manya, as they called her, and her sisters had to get jobs.
Manya became a tutor¹ for a family. She enjoyed her 2) ___ there and could send money to her father and her sister, Bronya, who was studying medicine in Paris.
When her sister got married, she invited Manya to live with them and study at the Sorbonne. It was then that she 3) ___ her name to Marie. Marie studied Physics and Maths and got her Master's degree in both subjects. When she graduated from university, she started research 4) ___ magnetism. It was at that time she met Pierre Curie, a young scientist. They 5) ___ in love immediately and got married. Marie moved to his house and they both started examining uranium and other elements to decide whether they were radioactive. It 6) ___ them four years to isolate² the radioactive source which she named radium. For this, they 7) ___ a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. In 1906, her husband died in an accident and Marie got the position they had offered him at the Sorbonne.
In 1911, she got a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. 8) ___ World War I, she designed the first mobile X-Ray machine and travelled with it along the front lines³.
Marie died in July, 1934 in Paris. She died 9) ___ radiation poisoning. She worked hard and proved that if a person keeps to their goals⁴, they will 10) ___ . For her, success came with the two Nobel Prizes she received and the fact that she was the first woman to ever get one. We all owe⁵ her our respect and admiration.
¹ teacher, ² find, ³ where the soldiers were fighting, ⁴ aims, ⁵ must give
1 A taught B worked C were D employed 2 A time B period C term D season 3 A swapped B altered C changed D replaced 4 A with B at C into D for 5 A met B fell C were D went 6 A had B lasted C spent D took 7 A earned B gained C won D achieved 8 A As B While C During D When 9 A of B by C over D with 10 A reach B achieve C manage D succeed
Краткий ответ: вставленные слова
| № | Ответ | № | Ответ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | B worked | 6 | D took |
| 2 | A time | 7 | C won |
| 3 | C changed | 8 | C During |
| 4 | C into | 9 | A of |
| 5 | B fell | 10 | D succeed |
Перевод текста (вставленные слова выделены)
Мари Кюри родилась как Мария Склодовская в Варшаве (Польша) в 1867 году. Она была младшей из пятерых детей. Её родители работали учителями, и они воспитали в ней любовь к учёбе. Её мать умерла в 1877 году. Мане (так её называли) и её сёстрам пришлось искать работу.
Маня стала гувернанткой для одной семьи. Ей нравилось проводить там время, и она могла посылать деньги отцу и сестре Броне, которая училась на врача в Париже.
Когда сестра вышла замуж, она пригласила Маню жить с ними и учиться в Сорбонне. Именно тогда она сменила своё имя на Мари. Мари изучала физику и математику и получила степень магистра по обоим предметам. По окончании университета она начала исследования в области магнетизма. Именно тогда она познакомилась с Пьером Кюри, молодым учёным. Они сразу влюбились и поженились. Мари переехала в его дом, и они вдвоём начали изучать уран и другие элементы, чтобы определить, радиоактивны ли они. Им потребовалось четыре года, чтобы выделить радиоактивный источник, который она назвала радием. За это они получили Нобелевскую премию по физике в 1903 году. В 1906 году её муж погиб в аварии, и Мари заняла должность, которую предлагали ему в Сорбонне.
В 1911 году она получила Нобелевскую премию по химии. Во время Первой мировой войны она разработала первый передвижной рентгеновский аппарат и путешествовала с ним по линиям фронта.
Мари умерла в июле 1934 года в Париже. Она умерла от лучевой болезни. Она много работала и доказала, что если человек держится своих целей, он добьётся успеха. Для неё успех пришёл вместе с двумя Нобелевскими премиями, которые она получила, и с тем, что она была первой женщиной, когда-либо получившей премию. Мы все обязаны ей уважением и восхищением.
Ключевые шаги: почему именно эти слова
Главное правило таких заданий: смотреть не на перевод, а на соседние слова и конструкцию.
- worked — после
parentsнужен глагол, аas teachersподсказывает сочетание work as (работать кем-то). Employed так не употребляется, were не передаёт профессию. - time —
enjoyed her time there= «ей нравилось проводить там время». Period — отрезок/период, term — семестр/срок, season — сезон. - changed —
changed her name= «сменила имя». Swap — обменять одно на другое, alter — видоизменить, replace — заменить предмет на другой. - into — устойчивое сочетание
research into smth(исследование в области чего-то). - fell — фразовый глагол
fall in love(влюбиться), в прошедшем времени fell. - took — конструкция
It took them four years to do smth(им потребовалось четыре года, чтобы…). Запоминай её как формулу: it takes/took + человек + время + to + глагол. - won —
win a prize(получить/выиграть премию). Earn — заработать деньги, gain — приобрести, achieve — достичь цели. - During — перед существительным (
World War I). While, as, when — союзы, после них должно идти придаточное предложение с подлежащим и сказуемым. - of —
die of+ болезнь/причина смерти. By — при указании способа (die by the sword), with и over сюда не подходят. - succeed — глагол «добиться успеха» без дополнения. Reach и achieve требуют объекта (reach a goal, achieve success), manage — «суметь» с to + глагол.
Проверка
- Все вставки — Past Simple, как и весь рассказ (биография в прошлом), поэтому формы согласованы: worked, fell, took, won, died.
- Мысленно подставь слово обратно в предложение: если сочетание «звучит» как единое целое (fell in love, research into, died of), выбор верный.
- Смысл совпадает с логикой текста: премию нельзя «заработать», но можно «получить» — won; от болезни умирают «от» — of.
Обсуждение
2 сообщениязадай вопросы по английски к этому тексту
A. Yes/No questions (общие вопросы) — короткий ответ
- Was Maria Sklodowska born in Warsaw? — Yes, she was.
- Did her parents work as teachers? — Yes, they did.
- Did Mania study at the Sorbonne before her sister got married? — No, she didn't. She went to Paris later.
- Did Marie and Pierre win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903? — Yes, they did.
- Did Marie's husband die in a car accident? — No, he didn't. He died in an accident (the text doesn't say it was a car).
- Was Marie the first woman to win a Nobel Prize? — Yes, she was.
- Did she develop the mobile X-ray machine before World War I? — No, she didn't. She did it during the war.
B. Wh-questions (специальные вопросы)
- Where was Maria Sklodowska born? — In Warsaw, Poland.
- When was she born? — In 1867.
- How many children were there in her family? — Five.
- When did her mother die? — In 1877.
- What did Mania do to earn money? — She became a governess for a family.
- Who did Mania send money to? — To her father and her sister Bronya.
- Where did Bronya study medicine? — In Paris.
- Why did Mania go to Paris? — Because her sister got married and invited her to live with them and study at the Sorbonne.
- When did she change her name to Marie? — When she moved to Paris to study at the Sorbonne.
- What subjects did Marie study? — Physics and mathematics.
- What did she begin to research after university? — Magnetism.
- How did she meet Pierre Curie? — She met him while she was doing research into magnetism.
- What did Marie and Pierre study together? — Uranium and other elements (to see if they were radioactive).
- How long did it take them to isolate the radioactive source? — Four years.
- What did she name the radioactive source? — Radium.
- What happened to Pierre in 1906? — He died in an accident.
- What position did Marie take after his death? — The one offered to him at the Sorbonne.
- When did she win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry? — In 1911.
- What did she develop during World War I? — The first mobile X-ray machine.
- Where and when did Marie die? — In Paris, in July 1934.
- What did she die of? — Of radiation poisoning.
- What did Marie prove with her life? — That if a person sticks to their goals, they will succeed.
C. Вопросы к подлежащему (без did)
- Who died in 1877? — Marie's mother.
- Who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903? — Marie and Pierre Curie.
- Who developed the first mobile X-ray machine? — Marie Curie.
D. True / False
- Marie was the oldest child in her family. — False (she was the youngest of five).
- Her parents were teachers. — True.
- She won two Nobel Prizes. — True (Physics in 1903, Chemistry in 1911).
- She got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry before the one in Physics. — False.
- She died in Warsaw. — False (in Paris).
Как строятся такие вопросы — короткое правило
- Общий вопрос в Past Simple:
Did + подлежащее + глагол в 1-й форме?→ Did her parents work as teachers? Глагол теряет окончание -ed. - С be вспомогательный did не нужен:
Was she born in Poland?— не Did she was born. - Специальный вопрос:
Wh-слово + did + подлежащее + глагол?→ Where did she go? - Вопрос к подлежащему: порядок прямой, без did, глагол в прошедшем времени → Who died in 1906?
- Вопрос с how long удобно задавать по формуле из текста:
How long did it take them to + глагол?
