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National Unity Day
National Unity Day (1) ___ (CELEBRATE) in Russia on 4 November. Its history (2) ___ (GO) back to 1612, when the country faced a serious political crisis and foreign invaders threatened (3) ___ (IT) independence.
At that time, a volunteer army (4) ___ (LEAD) by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky began to fight for the country's freedom. Minin was a wealthy merchant and the elected head (zemstvo elder) of Nizhny Novgorod, while Pozharsky was a prince and an experienced military commander. Minin (5) ___ (CALL) on people from different towns and villages to unite and support the volunteer army. Thousands of people responded to his appeal, and Moscow (6) ___ (LIBERATE) in November 1612. The victory, (7) ___ (REMEMBER) as an important moment in Russian history, became a symbol of national unity.
The modern holiday (8) ___ (INTRODUCE) in December 2004, and people (9) ___ (ONE) celebrated it in 2005. Since then, it (10) ___ (BECOME) an important part of the country's cultural life.
Today, people enjoy (11) ___ (TAKE) part in events held in town squares. Concerts and historical exhibitions (12) ___ (ORGANISE) to help citizens learn more about the country's past. The events of 1612 are still discussed, and (13) ___ (THIS) continue to inspire people.
National Unity Day reminds us that people from different ethnic groups (14) ___ (LIVE) in Russia can stand together despite their differences. It is one of the (15) ___ (GOOD) examples of how a shared history can bring people together.
Follow-up questions for discussion:
- When does National Unity Day take place in Russia, and what historical events does it commemorate?
- Who led the volunteer army in 1612, and what did Kuzma Minin call on people to do?
- When was the modern holiday introduced, and when was it celebrated for the first time?
- How do people celebrate National Unity Day nowadays? Give two examples of activities mentioned in the text.
- Why do you think it is important for people from different ethnic groups to feel united? Can shared history help bring people together? Why or why not?
Краткий ответ
| № | Слово | № | Слово |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is celebrated | 9 | first |
| 2 | goes | 10 | has become |
| 3 | its | 11 | taking |
| 4 | led | 12 | are organised (organized) |
| 5 | called | 13 | these |
| 6 | was liberated | 14 | living |
| 7 | remembered | 15 | best |
| 8 | was introduced |
Как рассуждать (принцип)
1. Если действие совершается НАД подлежащим — нужен пассив: \(be + V_3\). Проверяй вопросом «праздник сам празднует? нет — его празднуют»:
- №1: факт, повторяется каждый год → Present Simple Passive: is celebrated;
- №6: Moscow … in November 1612 — город освободили → Past Simple Passive: was liberated;
- №8: The modern holiday … in December 2004 → was introduced;
- №12: Concerts and historical exhibitions … — подлежащее во множественном числе, наши дни → are organised.
2. Причастие после существительного (без \(be\)) — это определение. Если перед глаголом уже есть подлежащее и сказуемое, вставляем только \(V_3\) (или \(V_{ing}\)):
- №4: a volunteer army led by … began to fight — «армия, возглавленная Кузьмой Мининым, начала…»;
- №7: The victory, remembered as an important moment, became…;
- №14: people from different ethnic groups living in Russia can stand together — «люди, живущие в России».
3. Сказуемое согласуется с подлежащим.
- №2: Its history goes back — история (ед. ч.) → -s;
- №5: Minin called on people — события 1612 года, Past Simple;
- №10: Since then, it has become — маркер since then → Present Perfect.
4. После enjoy — герундий: enjoy taking part (№11).
5. Местоимение и числительное:
- №3: перед существительным independence нужно притяжательное → its;
- №13: …and these continue to inspire people — глагол без -s, значит подлежащее множественное: these (события);
- №9: people first celebrated it in 2005 — «впервые»;
- №15: one of the best examples — превосходная степень.
Проверка
Подставь и прочитай — всё звучит верно: National Unity Day is celebrated in Russia on 4 November. Its history goes back to 1612… a volunteer army led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky began to fight… Moscow was liberated in November 1612. The victory, remembered as an important moment… Since then, it has become an important part… people enjoy taking part… Concerts and historical exhibitions are organised… and these continue to inspire people… It is one of the best examples.
Главный алгоритм: определи время по контексту → проверь, актив или пассив (есть ли «by кем-то» / действие направлено на подлежащее) → реши, нужна ли личная форма глагола или причастие.
