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Homework 8 10.11.26
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.
He has (finish) training.
We have (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.
She has (buy) some really nice rollerblades!
My mum has (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.
Dad, you have (eat) my biscuit!
Oh no! She has (drop) the plate!
Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect negative (отрицательная форма)
I have (not clean) my football boots.
They have (not start) their meal.
He has (not wash) his hands. They're very dirty.
Where's Alison? We have (not see) her since yesterday.
Dad has (not take) a holiday since last August.
Вставить артикль a / an / the, где необходимо
I study ___ French. I started learning it ___ last year. I go to ___ French classes in ___ afternoon. On ___ days when I have no ___ classes, I stay at ___ home and do ___ my homework. I have ___ lunch with my ___ mother. After ___ lunch I have ___ walk in ___ street, play ___ computer games and read ___ books and ___ articles on ___ Internet. I go to ___ bed late at ___ night.
Краткий ответ
1. Present Perfect 4. He has finished training. 5. We have watched all the Champions League matches this season. 6. She has bought some really nice rollerblades! 7. My mum has written a shopping list. (по-английски естественно добавить «a») 8. Dad, you have eaten my biscuit! 9. Oh no! She has dropped the plate!
2. Present Perfect negative 6. I have not cleaned my football boots. 7. They have not started their meal. 8. He has not washed his hands. They’re very dirty. 9. We have not seen her since yesterday. 10. Dad has not taken a holiday since last August.
3. Артикли I study — French. I started learning it — last year. I go to — French classes in the afternoon. On — days when I have no — classes, I stay at — home and do — my homework. I have — lunch with my — mother. After — lunch I have a walk in the street, play — computer games and read — books and — articles on the Internet. I go to — bed late at — night.
(«—» значит, что артикль не нужен.)
Как понять принцип
Present Perfect = \(have/has + V_3\).
- \(have\) — для I, you, we, they; \(has\) — для he, she, it.
- \(V_3\) — третья форма глагола. У правильных глаголов это инфинитив + -ed: \(finish \to finished\), \(watch \to watched\), \(drop \to dropped\). У неправильных — форма из таблицы: \(buy \to bought\), \(write \to written\), \(eat \to eaten\), \(see \to seen\), \(take \to taken\).
- Отрицание: \(have/has + not + V_3\): \(has not washed\). Сокращённо — \(haven’t/hasn’t\).
Артикли
- \(a/an\) — «один, какой-то», только с исчисляемым существительным в единственном числе: \(a walk\).
- \(the\) — конкретный предмет, уже известный или единственный в ситуации: \(in the afternoon\), \(in the street\), \(on the Internet\).
- Нулевой артикль — с языками (\(French\)), устойчивыми выражениями (\(last year\), \(at home\), \(have lunch\), \(after lunch\), \(go to bed\), \(at night\)), множественным числом в общем значении (\(days\), \(classes\), \(books\), \(articles\)) и после \(no\) (\(no classes\)).
- С притяжательными местоимениями (\(my\), \(your\), \(his\)) артикль не ставится: \(my homework\), \(my mother\).
Проверка
- В Present Perfect после \(have/has\) стоит именно \(V_3\): \(has bought\), \(has written\), а не \(has buy/wrote\).
- В отрицании \(not\) идёт после \(have/has\), а смысловой глагол остаётся в \(V_3\): \(has not washed\).
- В тексте с артиклями запоминаем сочетания: \(in the afternoon\), \(a walk\), \(in the street\), \(on the Internet\). Если поставить \(the\) везде, получится неестественно; если убрать \(the\) из этих сочетаний — тоже ошибка.