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2b Grammar Reference Plurals 5 Read the rules. Then write the plurals. noun + -s one doll – two dolls -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o + -es bus – buses, class – classes, brush – brushes, watch – watches, fox – foxes, tomato – tomatoes consonant + y → -ies lady – ladies BUT toy – toys -f/-fe → -ves leaf – leaves, life – lives IRREGULAR PLURALS child – children foot – feet tooth – teeth woman – women man – men mouse – mice Nouns which are always plural: trousers, clothes, people 1 doll ▸ dolls 2 party .... 3 man .... 4 box .... 5 ball .... 6 boy .... 7 knife .... 8 watch .... Pronunciation Reading Rules (e)s after: • /t/, /k/, /p/, /f/, /θ/ → /s/ caps • /s/, /ks/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /z/, /ʒ/ → /ɪz/ buses • any other sounds → /z/ hens, peas 6 Listen and choose. Listen and repeat. [Таблица: слева слова hat, tie, fly; справа слова cat, glass, lamp; у каждой таблицы столбцы /s/, /z/, /ɪz/; клетки пустые] This/These – That/Those 7 Read the rules and the examples. Then make sentences. We use this/these for things near us. We use this in the singular and these in the plural. We use that/those for things far away from us. [часть строки закрыта рукой] ... in the singular and those in the ... [Рисунок: восемь пронумерованных предметов и схематичные человечки, указывающие на них: 1 кепка, 2 футбольные мячи, 3 фотоаппарат, 4 наручные часы, 5 велосипед, 6 перчатки, 7 кроссовки, 8 скейтборд.] ▸ 1 This is a cap. 5 That is a bicycle. 2 These are footballs. 6 Those are gloves. 8 Point to things near/far from you. Make sentences using this/these, that/those. A: (points to the ruler) This is a ruler. B: (points to the blackboard) That is a blackboard. Listening 9 Listen and match the people to their presents. People: 1 John, 2 Sue, 3 Tara, 4 Ken, 5 Jim Presents: a skateboard, b camera, c watch, d scarf, e guitar, f gloves, g bicycle, h basketball Writing (a list) 10 Portfolio: Write a list of things you want for your birthday. 39