ответы

Кратко: ниже ответы ко всем трём частям. В Present Perfect используется схема \(have/has + V_3\), где \(V_3\) — третья форма глагола.

1. Раскройте скобки: Present Perfect

1. John has written his name.
2. I have drawn a picture.
3. Tom has blown out the light.
4. The cat has drunk its milk.
5. The tree has fallen across the road.
6. John has given his bicycle to his brother.
7. You have made a mistake.
8. We have eaten our dinner.
9. The train has just gone.
10. I have just told the answer.
11. George has never been in Australia.
12. John and Richard have just gone away.
13. The baker has sold all his cakes.
14. I have read this book.

2. Сделайте предложения отрицательными

1. Jack hasn’t washed the dog.
2. Father hasn’t cleaned his car yet.
3. Mr Snowdon hasn’t made a speech at the conference.
4. Granny hasn’t bought me any cakes.
5. They haven’t painted their old house.
6. Liz hasn’t bought any flowers.
7. My sister hasn’t cooked breakfast for the family yet.
8. The cat hasn’t eaten fish yet.
9. Mrs Gracy hasn’t gone to London.
10. I haven’t ever been to India.
11. She hasn’t broken a vase yet.
12. We haven’t cleaned the room.
13. Cris hasn’t phoned his friend.
14. The train hasn’t arrived yet.
15. It hasn’t started to rain yet.
16. Kelly hasn’t gone to America.
17. We haven’t left our books to school.
18. The street hasn’t changed a lot.
19. You haven’t worked here for a long time.
20. Mandy hasn’t been to Greece.

В № 9 в листе напечатано have, но Mrs Gracy — единственное число, поэтому правильно hasn’t.

3. Вопросы по образцу

1. Have you ever been to South America?
2. Have you read any English books?
3. Have you lived in this town all your life?
4. How many times have you been in love?
5. What’s the most beautiful country you have ever visited?

Как понять принцип

1. Утверждение: \(have/has + V_3\).

   • John has written, They have gone.
   • has — для he/she/it и единственного числа; have — для I/you/we/they и множественного числа.

2. Отрицание: добавляем not после have/has.

   • John has not written = John hasn’t written.
   • В отрицаниях already и just обычно заменяются на yet в конце:
     Father hasn’t cleaned his car yet.
   • some в отрицании меняется на any:
     Granny hasn’t bought me any cakes.

3. Вопрос: have/has выходит вперёд:

   • Have you ever been to Italy?
   • С вопросительным словом: How many times have you been in love?
   • В № 5 вопрос уже не в главной части, а в придаточной: the country you have ever visited, поэтому порядок слов прямой.

4. Главное — не спутать \(V_2\) и \(V_3\):
   write — wrote — written, draw — drew — drawn, blow — blew — blown, drink — drank — drunk, fall — fell — fallen, go — went — gone, eat — ate — eaten.
   После has/have нужна именно третья форма, а не вторая.

В черновике на фото в первых ответах нужно исправить на has written, have drawn, has blown out: после has/have не ставится вторая форма глагола.