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Краткий ответ: длительное действие в прошлом — was/were + глагол с -ing (Past Continuous), завершённое или короткое — вторая форма глагола (Past Simple).

Готовые предложения

1. I went to the theatre yesterday.
2. At seven o’clock yesterday I was going to the theatre.
3. What were you doing at 5 o’clock yesterday? — I was playing the piano.
4. When I came to school, the children were standing near the classroom.
5. We were playing in the yard the whole evening yesterday.
6. When I was preparing breakfast in the morning, I cut my finger.
7. Last year I went to the United States.
8. Did you go to Great Britain last year? — No, I went to France.
9. What did you do yesterday? — I translated a very long article.
10. When I rang up my friend, he was sleeping.
11. While my grandfather was watching TV, he fell asleep.
12. When my friend came to see me, I was doing my homework.
13. When I was going to the stadium, I met Kate and Ann.
14. When Nick rang me up yesterday, I was helping mother.
15. When the children were walking through the wood, they saw a fox.
16. When I came home, my sister was washing the floor.
17. When Mike was playing in the yard, he found a ball.
18. When I was drawing yesterday, I broke two pencils.
19. When I met Tom, he was going to the shop.
20. When I looked out of the window, the children were playing hide-and-seek.

Как выбирать форму

• Past Simple — это факт или короткое действие: yesterday, last year, came, rang, met, found.
• Past Continuous — процесс в определённый момент или фон: at 5 o’clock, the whole evening, was sleeping, were playing.
• Если одно действие «прерывает» другое, длинное ставим в Continuous, короткое — в Simple. Например, № 10: rang — короткое действие, was sleeping — уже происходило.
• В вопросах: Past Simple — did + подлежащее + начальная форма; Past Continuous — was/were + подлежащее + V-ing.

Проверка: в № 8 нужно Did you go, а не «Did you went»; в № 9 — What did you do; в № 6 cut — это Past Simple, форма совпадает с инфинитивом.