Exercise 11 Read, find the infinitive, try to state its function, and translate the sentences. 1. The modern idea of the constitution began to emerge after the Revolution, particularly in the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who developed the notion of the social contract. 2. During her reign the Queen has visited all the Commonwealth countries 6 to gain direct contract with people from all walks of life. 3. As constitutional monarch, the Sovereign is required, on the advice of Ministers, to assent to all Bills issued by Parliament. 4. The role of the Sovereign in the enactment of legislation is purely formal today although the Queen has the right to be 5 consulted, to encourage and to warn. 5. The Queen retains certain residual powers, notably to appoint a Prime Minister, and to decide whether or not to grant a dissolution of Parliament. 6. Th Queen has the right and a duty to express her views on government matters to the Prime Minister at their weekly audiences, but these meetings and all communications between the Monarch and her Government remain strictly confidential. 7. In 1714 George I, the monarch who ceased to attend cabinet meetings and none of his successors did thereafter. 8. A Government only remain in office for as long as it has the support of a majority in the House of Commons. 9. 'Money bills', concerned solely with taxation and public expenditure, are always introduced in the Commons and must be passed by the Lords promptly and without amendment. 10. A Member of Parliament is elected by a particular area or constituency in Britain to represent them in the House of Commons. 11. A lot of MPs' work has nothing to do with voting 4 in Parliament. 12. There are hundreds of things MPs have to deal with in the day-to-day business of constituency life, such as housing or health care. 13. MPs are there to help people and to try to make sure their rights under the law are not violated. 14. It is the Speaker who calls MPs to speak, and maintain order in the House. 15. The Speaker must be impartial in all matters.