Тренажёр ЕГЭ Английский язык

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Coffee decaffeination processes

Every day it seems that medical researchers come out with a new study about coffee, how it is extremely unhealthy for you and/or full of amazing benefits. The focus of most of these studies is more particularly about the effects of caffeine on human health. As caffeine, coffee’s most potent element, is a stimulant, it can produce both positive and negative effects. It can wake you up in the morning, but it can also lead to sleeplessness, a racing heartbeat, and anxiety.

It is therefore no surprise that many people have decided to cut caffeine out of their diets. As for me, I have grown to like the taste of coffee, but to me the main purpose of drinking it is to get an extra jolt of energy. That is why I will admit to a certain prejudice against decaf, perhaps prompted by bad experiences with weak and tasteless brew, because it is true that the actual process of removing caffeine from coffee can degrade the taste beyond repair.

Early decaffeination attempts involved soaking the green beans in water and then using various solvents to separate the caffeine in the resulting water solution. The beans were then re-introduced to the caffeine-free solution in order to absorb some of the flavor they had lost. Solvents used included benzene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene, all of which were later found to have toxic effects. In the 1970s, dichloromethane came into use to replace the earlier solvents before it too was deemed possibly carcinogenic.

In response to these concerns about solvents, some coffee companies began to run the water solution through charcoal filters as a means of removing the caffeine. The so-called Swiss Water Process, developed in Switzerland in the 1930s, goes one step further. After a batch of coffee beans has been steeped in hot water, that water is filtered, and then is used to soak the next batch of beans to be processed. In this way, the beans lose caffeine as they soak, but lose less of their flavor.

Yet another method that aims to safely remove caffeine from coffee beans involves a fascinating compound procedure. The solvent used in this method is neither water nor one of the earlier toxic solvents. Instead, caffeine in the coffee beans is dissolved by means of carbon dioxide. In order to accomplish this, the carbon dioxide must become a supercritical fluid, created when it is compressed and heated to the point that it has the same density in liquid and gaseous forms.

As this supercritical CO₂ is passed through the beans, it can penetrate them because of its gaseous properties, and yet is able to dissolve the caffeine they contain because of its liquid properties.

In 2004, Brazilian scientists identified a new strain of coffee beans with a naturally low level of caffeine. They found three coffee plants from Ethiopia that contain almost no caffeine as they seem to lack an enzyme necessary to caffeine production. If these plants can be crossed with commercial strains of coffee plants, we may one day see more coffee on the market that is naturally low in caffeine.

With these advances, and the current methods of decaffeination, decaf junkies are sure to be able to get their fix of coffee that not only tastes great, but won’t keep them up half the night.

As for me, I do want to stay up half the night, so I’ll stick to my full-strength brew.

According to the text (paragraph 1), the effects of caffeine …

1) have not been studied well enough.

2) can be of opposite character.

3) are very dangerous.

4) are not strong.

Not quite a musician

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Study problems and depressive symptoms in adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak

Little is known about the risk factors for mental health problems of adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, А________________ , and the effect of parent-child relationships among Chinese teenagers during school closures.

We analyzed data collected from middle and high schools in Taizhou, China. Three types of learning problems have been reported, В________________ , dislike of distance learning, and excessive screen time.

Using data from over 6,000 adolescents, we found that the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 18%. The influence of parental relationships С________________ and depressive symptoms has been found. Our results showed that when students had learning difficulties during the pandemic outbreak, D________________ were particularly vulnerable to an increase in depressive symptoms. And vice versa: in families where parents supported their children, the level of anxiety and depression in case of academic problems was noticeably lower.

Interventions  E_______________ and improve parent-child relationships can reduce stress and ease emotional distress. If school closures are necessary, our results suggest that policy makers should take action F__________________ at high risk of mental health problems, which can be caused by lifestyle changes, domestic conflicts, and parental tensions.

1. those with poor parent-child relationships
2. their association with academic problems
3. that were invented
4. including difficulty studying at home
5. that help students change learning habits
6. to protect adolescents
7. on the relationship between learning problems

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SERVE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

A restaurant in Italy __________ frogs on its menu. 

Вставьте слово, которое грамматически и лексически будет соответствовать содержанию текста.

___ (VISIT) to the area can enjoy watching gorgeous nature as well as go fishing and rock climbing.

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Sarah’s love for animals started when she …

1) became a college student.

2) first went to Africa.

3) was a young girl.

Прочитайте текст пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30-36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30-36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Julie

Julie always thumbed a ride back to college, but never told her parents. She knew they wouldn't 30 _______________ . Her father would drive her to the station on the first day of term, when she would hang 31 ________________ on the platform until she was certain he was on his way back home. She would then walk the couple of miles to the freeway, stand near the edge of a road and hold out her hand with the thumb raised as a signal for a vehicle to stop and take her to the city. There were two good reasons why Julie 32 ________________to thumb a ride back to Hartford rather than take a bus or train. Twelve round trips a year meant she could save over a hundred dollars, which was important. Her parents could 33 ________________ afford any extra expenses. In any case he and Ma had already made quite enough sacrifices to ensure she could 34 ________________ college, without causing them any further expense.

35 ________________ , Julie's second reason for preferring to thumb rides was that when she graduated she wanted to be a writer, and during the past three years she’d met some fascinating people on the short journey from home to college, who were often willing to share their experiences with a stranger they were unlikely to meet again, Julie had golden rules about who she wouldn't 36 _______________ a ride from. Truck drivers were top of the list. In fact, she avoided most drivers under the age of sixty, especially those behind the wheel of a sports car.

1) rarely

 2) hardly

3) realy 

4) nearly

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

1. It’s reported that billions of dollars are spent on space exploration projects every year. Some people believe that this money should be used to solve problems on Earth.

2. Children study worse without computers.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово PAINT так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Most of the 12th-century frescoes were destroyed by Mongols, but new mural __________________ were added in 1408 by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chernii, in particular the famous Last Judgment.

18. What is the main message of the last paragraph?

1. Every teenager must find a hobby.
2. A hobby must be treated as something very important.
3. It is important to properly perceive your hobbies and then there will be no difficulties in finding yourself.
4. Hobbies don’t have much meaning.

Teenagers and hobbies

Nowadays the youth  has troubles with forming the future. Hobbies give teenagers a chance to meet new people, discover new passions, develop skills outside of school, and do something all kids (yes, teens are part kid) should do: have fun. You don’t need peer-reviewed scientific studies to tell you that. But you might need a little reminder about adolescent development to drive home the importance of hobbies. 

Two of the most important things that happen during the teen years are identity formation and differentiation. Identity formation is exactly what it sounds like: it’s the process of becoming an individual with an entire set of personal wants, needs, skills, and preferences. It’s quite a complicated period of life and the choice can be changed on a daily basis. Differentiation is part of identity formation, but – and this is crucial – differentiation is special. It’s the formation of an identity outside and apart from parents and family.

That’s where hobbies come in. Hobbies are a great way for teens to form an identity outside their family. And hobbies that take place after school hours can be even better. They also give teenagers a chance to forge their own path outside of the watchful eye of parents and teachers.

While in school, teachers act as an extension of the family. That’s the law of the land: both common law dating back centuries and the U.S. Supreme court holding that school officials can act in loco parentis, or in the place of the parents.

But things like sports and band are different: it’s common knowledge that figures like sports coaches and band directors – while they’re coaching or directing a band – are neither teachers nor parents. They help teens learn and grow in new and different ways, under a unique set of rules and norms – all while teaching them skills they don’t learn at home or in class.

In addition to facilitating basic psychological needs, hobbies benefit teens on many levels. Here’s a partial list. Some hobbies are just fun. And that’s what’s great about them. They’re no big deal. They’re not school, they’re not work, they’re not family: they’re just something fun to do to pass the time. And that’s one hundred percent okay.  When you are pursuing a hobby, you are utilizing your free time in a better way. This keeps you busy and makes you conscious about the importance of time. Learning to manage time helps in leading a more disciplined lifestyle, and keeps you ahead in the game.

Everyone needs a way to while away the hours, relieve stress, and have a good time while doing so. That’s the amazing thing about hobbies: they can be just that – relatively inconsequential pursuits that make you feel good – but they can also be much more. They can be a template for accomplishment, achievement, and success. They can teach a teenager valuable life lessons that resonate across the decades and enrich life on physical, emotional, and psychological levels. When you look at hobbies that way, it’s a no-brainer: you can’t afford not to have one.