Let's simplify each of the expressions one by one.
\(x^{11} \cdot x^{12}\): Using the exponent rule that states \(a^m \cdot a^n = a^{m+n}\): \[ x^{11} \cdot x^{12} = x^{11+12} = x^{23} \]
\(x^{9} \cdot y^{9}\): This expression is already in its simplest form, but if you wanted to factor it, it could be written as: \[ x^9 \cdot y^9 = (xy)^9 \]
\(\frac{x^{21}}{x^{14}}\): Using the exponent rule that states \(\frac{a^m}{a^n} = a^{m-n}\): \[ \frac{x^{21}}{x^{14}} = x^{21-14} = x^{7} \]
\(\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{6}\): This is already in its simplest form, but you can express it as: \[ \left(\frac{x}{y}\right)^{6} = \frac{x^6}{y^6} \]
\((x^8)^4\): Using the exponent rule that states \((a^m)^n = a^{m \cdot n}\): \[ (x^8)^4 = x^{8 \cdot 4} = x^{32} \]
\(\left(\frac{a}{3}\right)^{7} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{a}\right)^{7}\): Using the property that \((ab)^m = a^m b^m\) and the fact that the bases are the same: \[ \left(\frac{a}{3}\right)^{7} \cdot \left(\frac{3}{a}\right)^{7} = \left(\frac{a}{3} \cdot \frac{3}{a}\right)^{7} \] Simplifying inside the parentheses: \[ \frac{a \cdot 3}{3 \cdot a} = 1 \] Thus: \[ 1^{7} = 1 \]
In summary, the simplified forms are:
- \(x^{23}\)
- \(x^{9} y^{9} = (xy)^{9}\)
- \(x^{7}\)
- \(\frac{x^{6}}{y^{6}}\)
- \(x^{32}\)
- \(1\)