Bronchitis Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs that causes coughing. Symptoms include coughing up sputum, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis usually has a cough that lasts around three weeks, and is also known as a chest cold. In more than 90% of cases the cause is a viral infection. These viruses may be spread through the air when people cough or by direct contact. A small number of cases are caused by a bacterial infection such as Mycoplasma pneumonia or Bordetella pertussis. Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke, dust, and other air pollution. Treatment of acute bronchitis typically involves rest, paracetamol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to help with the fever. If acute bronchitis results from a bacterial infection, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Taking antibiotics may also help prevent a secondary infection, in some cases. Most doctors will not prescribe antibiotics unless they have identified bacteria as the cause of an illness. One of the reasons for this is concern about antibiotic resistance, as overuse of antibiotics makes it harder to treat an infection in the long term. Chronic bronchitis is a cough that lasts for three months or more per year for at least two years. Chronic bronchitis results from repeated irritation and damage to the lung and airway tissues. The most common cause is smoking, but not everyone with bronchitis is a smoker. Other possible causes include: long term exposure to air pollution, dust, and fumes from the environment, genetic factors, repeated episodes of acute bronchitis, a history of respiratory disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease. Many people with chronic bronchitis have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Treatments include quitting smoking as well as taking medications. Options that may help include: Cough medicine: Coughing is useful for removing mucus from the bronchial tubes, but medication can help bring relief, for example, at night. Using a humidifier: This can loosen mucus, improve airflow, and relieve wheezing. Bronchodilators: These open the bronchial tubes and may help clear out mucus. Mucolytics: These loosen or thin mucus in the airways, making it easier to cough up sputum. Anti-inflammatory and steroid drugs: These can help reduce inflammation that can cause tissue damage. Oxygen therapy: In severe cases, a person may need supplemental oxygen to ease their breathing. Задание1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту: 1. What is bronchitis? 2. What are the symptoms of this illness? 3. What types of bronchitis are there? 4. What is acute bronchitis caused by? 5. How is acute bronchitis treated? 6. What is the cause of chronic bronchitis? 7.How is chronic bronchitis treated? Задание 2. Совместите термины с их значением. I. inflammation 2. sputum in infection that oceurs during or after treatment for another 4. ancinidary infection (o) assorine pike of aner on esiding properties of 5. irritation an antibiotic agent 7. gasroophageal reflux diseased) iqui, promiease in un body thar go to phe lungs 8. mucolytic f) a painful or sore feeling in a part of the body g) a drug that is able to break down mucus h) a chronic disease where stomach acid goes up into the esophagus Задание 3. Дополните предложения одним из данных терминов: Lungs, viral infection, oxygen, antibiotic resistance, cough, inflammation. 1. _ is a naturally occurring gas essential to human survival. 2. The _are the main organs of the respiratory system. 3. Tim's flu makes him and wheeze. 4. The on the gums is causing me a lot of pain. 5. He's suffering from the side effects of a : fever, aches, chills. 6. Never take Penicillin without a doctor's prescription - this may cause in the end. Задание 4. Дополните предложения словами, синонимичными подчеркнутым фразам. 1. The doctor prescribed Paracetamol to bring down his high body temperature. 2. This oinment can help reduce the red and swollen area on the patient's arm. 3. Using a device for making air less dry can relieve some symptoms of respiratory diseases. h --r 4. Some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may need special treatment that helps them breathe. O_ _n t --_Y 5. Drugs that open the airways are often used to relieve the symptoms of respiratory conditions, such as asthma and emphysema.